Broadband Raman amplifiers in the spectral range of 1480-1620 nm

Chernikov, S.V.; Lewis, S.A.E.; Taylor, J.R.

doi:10.1109/ofc.1999.766354

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Raman fibre lasers exploit the effect of simulated Raman scattering to shift the generated spectrum from pumping towards longer wavelengths. Raman fibre lasers are very attractive pump sources for distributed Raman amplification, which is one of the important enabling technologies in high-speed optical communication, as shown by Stolen & Ippen (1973) , Mollenauer et al (1986) , Chernikov et al (1999) , Kurukitkoson et al (2001) and Headley & Agrawal (2004) . Using fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) as cavity reflectors at the Stokes wavelength, it is possible to achieve lasing in a fibre waveguide with length of the order of several kilometres, as was first shown by Grubb et al (1995) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical turbulence and spectral condensate in long fibre lasers

et al. 2012

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We study numerically optical turbulence using the particular example of a recently created, ultra-long fibre laser. For normal fibre dispersion, we observed an intermediate state with an extremely narrow spectrum (condensate), which experiences instability and a sharp transition to a fluctuating regime with a wider spectrum. We demonstrate that the number of modes has an impact on the condensate's lifetime. The smaller the number of modes, the more resistant is the condensate to perturbations. Experimental results show a good agreement with numerical simulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical turbulence and spectral condensate in long fibre lasers

et al. 2012

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“…Therefore, a light source (Stokes-shifted pump), whose spectral position lies within the first Stokes of the signal channels, will selectively depletes their energy by SRS instead of amplifying them. The physical principle can be found in the governing equation (2). The third term on the right-hand side describes the energy transfer, which will eventually deplete the signal power if the Stokes-shifted pump power is high enough.…”

Section: All-optical Variable Attenuator Using Srs For the Channementioning

confidence: 99%

Gain optimization of germanosilicate fiber Raman amplifier and its applications in the compensation of Raman-induced crosstalk among wavelength division multiplexing channels

Seo

Oh²,

Paek

2001

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Spectral characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process were theoretically investigated for step-index silica optical fibers with various GeO 2 concentrations. Optimal-fiber lengths and germanium concentration, where the first Stokes power reaches maximum, were calculated at various pump power levels for application in Raman amplifiers. Based on this analysis, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new channel-equalizing technique to simultaneously compensate Raman-induced crosstalk and amplify wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) signals using a discrete Raman amplifier in the 1.5m range. As a further application of SRS in germanosilicate glass fibers, we introduce an all-optical variable attenuator for channel equalization that could be used in dynamic optical power tilt control in WDM systems.

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“…Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs) are recently attracting many researcher's attentions in DWDM system application due to their distinctive flexibility in bandwidth designs and growing maturity of high power pump module technologies [8]. However, known modeling techniques for RFAs based on solving ordinary coupled differential equations require exhaustive computational efforts for acquiring wellmatched prediction, owing to larger bandwidth and longer fiber length which must be considered in RFAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis techniques for wideband amplifiers

et al. 2001

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Increasing demands on the high capacity wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission system now require newly developed transmission windows beyond the gain bandwidth supported by erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). With the intensive development efforts on new rare-earth dopants and fiber nonlinearity (Raman process) for fast few years, wideband optical amplifiers now can support easily over 4-5 fold wider gain bandwidth than it was formerly possible with the conventional EDFAs. Of various breeds for this application, there exist three distinct approaches near 1 500nm band, accessible in the commercial market. These includes : Thulium-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (TDFFA) for S+ band (1450-1480 nm) and S band (1480-1530 nm), EDFAs for C band (1530-1560nm) and L band (1570-l6lOnm), Raman amplifiers with lOOnm's of gain bandwidth (with flexible location from S+ to L band), and hybrid amplifiers with serial I parallel combination of above techniques. Even though there have been much increased experimental reports for all of these amplifiers, the complexity of the amplification dynamics from the number of involving energy levels and difficulty in measuring experimental parameters make it harder than ever to predict the performance of wideband amplifiers in general. This lack of serious study on the analytic or numerical analysis on wideband amplifiers could cause the future impairments for the prediction and estimation of the amplifier performances for different applications, restricting the successful deployment of wideband amplifier based transmission systems. In this paper, we present the numerical model and analysis techniques for wideband amplifiers (C/L band EDFA, Raman amplifier, and TDFA), along with their application examples.

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Broadband Raman amplifiers in the spectral range of 1480-1620 nm

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Optical turbulence and spectral condensate in long fibre lasers

Optical turbulence and spectral condensate in long fibre lasers

Gain optimization of germanosilicate fiber Raman amplifier and its applications in the compensation of Raman-induced crosstalk among wavelength division multiplexing channels

Numerical analysis techniques for wideband amplifiers

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