Broadband optical fibre amplification over 17.7 THz range

Lanthanides in Non-Oxide Glasses

“…Combination of fluoride-based EDFAs and fiber Raman amplifiers leads to a 67-nm bandwidth amplifying unit that operates from 1534 to 1601 nm . More recently, a record cumulated bandwidth of 17.7 THz over the 1297−1604 nm range was achieved by combining C- and L-bands, silica-based EDFAs, fluoride-based TDFAs for the S-band and Raman amplifiers for the XS-band …”

“…151 More recently, a record cumulated bandwidth of 17.7 THz over the 1297-1604 nm range was achieved by combining C-and L-bands, silica-based EDFAs, fluoride-based TDFAs for the S-band and Raman amplifiers for the XS-band. 152 Optical amplification was achieved in Nd 3+ -and Er 3+ -doped channel waveguides made of fluoride glasses. 99 Typical results are internal gains of 2.7 dB/ cm at 1.047 µm for the neodymium waveguide and 1.6 dB/cm at 1.53 µm for the erbium waveguide.…”

Optimal design of flat-gain wide-band fiber Raman amplifiers

“…B ECAUSE the gain bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is much narrower than the low loss window of standard optical communication fibers, there is growing interest in wideband flat-gain optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs) to exploit more of the available fiber bandwidth and increase the capacity of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems [1], [2]. Gain bandwidths in excess of 10 THz (approximately 80 nm) have been demonstrated using either hybrid fiber amplifiers [3]- [5] or fiber Raman amplifiers pumped at multiple wavelengths (MW-FRA) [6]- [10]. However, all of these amplifiers, especially those with larger bandwidths, have a serious drawback of poor gain flatness.…”

The thermal study of oxyfluoride glass with strontium fluoride

“…RE ions are preferentially incorporated into crystalline phases with small phonon energies below 500 cm −1 . As a result the non radiative losses to the lattice will be smaller and the fluorescence quantum efficiencies of RE ions will be higher [9][10][11]. As well known the luminescence properties of RE doped glass and glass ceramic depend on the local environment of RE.…”