Broadband Homodyne Sixport Reflectometer

Galwas, B.A.; Palczewski, S.

doi:10.1109/euma.1991.336356

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Usually, we use a biphase modulator [7], but this type is not available in the W-frequency band. So, it is replaced by a PIN diode which permits us to obtain classical AM modulation.…”

Section: Detection Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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A homodyne five‐port network analyzer operating in the W‐frequency band

Chahine

Huyart

2004

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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both stubs are approximately an eighth of a wavelength long at the fundamental frequency. This configuration provides a large phase gradient, thus improving the phase-noise performance of the circuit. Additionally, the fundamental signal can be coupled out with a variable coupling factor by tapping the short stub. As described above, the phase condition is enforced by an appropriate coupling line at the base of the devices. The resulting layout is very compact, as the maximum line length in the design is an eighth of a wavelength.Critical parts of the circuit are characterised by an electromagnetic simulation in order to take additional parasitic elements into account. Further parasitic coupling is minimised by an appropriate layout. RESULTSThe output spectrum of the oscillator at the push-push output was measured using a WR-10 waveguide measurement system. The output power was determined by calibrating the system for frequencies above 110 GHz by measurements with a power sensor. The resulting spectrum is depicted in Figure 2. An output power of about 0 dBm at 124.7 GHz is measured. This performance is achieved at a low power consumption of only 70 mW. The phase noise can be estimated from the measured spectrum to be about Ϫ94 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, which is a very low value for this frequency range.The simulation yields an output power of 0.7 dBm at an oscillation frequency of 124.4 GHz for the identical configuration. Phase noise is simulated to be Ϫ98 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. These results demonstrate that first-pass design success can be achieved for fully integrated circuits, even in the F-band, with accurate device models, additional consideration of parasitic elements by electromagnetic simulations, and a careful layout. CONCLUSIONA SiGe HBT push-push oscillator developed for the 122-GHz ISM frequency band has been presented with both simulated and experimental results. The measured data demonstrate that the most advanced SiGe processes with f T in the 200-GHz range are feasible for applications in the higher mm-wave range, up to frequencies beyond 100 GHz.

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“…Usually, we use a biphase modulator [7], but this type is not available in the W-frequency band. So, it is replaced by a PIN diode which permits us to obtain classical AM modulation.…”

Section: Detection Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The homodyne technique has extremely high performance [6] relative to the other methods. Single and dual six-port homodyne network analyzers operating around 1 GHz have been realized [7,8]. On the other hand, a six-port network analyzer using single six-port junction is a low-cost system [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A homodyne five‐port network analyzer operating in the W‐frequency band

Chahine

Huyart

2004

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…The six-port technique was demonstrated to be a suitable option as the ratio of complex amplitude measurements in [2][3][4]. Many microwave applications directly or indirectly require the determination of phase differences between two input microwave signals over a specified frequency band, such as microwave vector network analyzers (VNA) [5], direction finding [6,7], position sensors [8], frequency measurement [9], digital signal demodulation [10], and other applications [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Wideband Six-Port Network

Peng¹,

Yang²,

Yang³

2012

PIER

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Abstract-This paper presents a six-port network over an ultrawideband (UWB) of 2-8 GHz. Its key component is the six-port junction, which consists of a Wilkinson power divider and three 3-dB quadrature couplers. This six-port junction is accomplished in a low dielectric constant substrate (Rogers RT/duroid 5880). Multi-section impedance transformation is applied in the power divider, and the quadrature coupler is realized by using two 8.34 dB couplers in tandem. An ultra-wideband operation of the six-port junction is verified by full electromagnetic simulations and measurements. The results show that the designed devices exhibit good performance across 2-8 GHz band: the return losses at input ports are higher than 15 dB, the insertion losses from input ports to the remaining ports are 7.2 dB ± 1.7 dB, the isolation between two input ports is greater than 20.5 dB, and the maximum phase difference compared with the theoretical behavior between two test ports is 10 • . For the manufactured six-port junction, a six-port phase measurement system and a calibration technique based on support vector regression (SVR) are introduced. Results show that the SVR model can achieve a mean phase error of 1.5274 • .

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“…An earlier study about the six-port technique was proposed in 1972 by Hoer [1]. Galwas and Palczewski later published a series of papers on the ratio of complex amplitude measurements obtained by a six-port reflectometer [2,3]. Several studies on the demodulation of modulated digital signals by six-port receivers are currently available [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a Six-Port Receiver for Direction Finding Using the Artificial Neural Network Technique

Peng¹,

Yang²,

Yang³

2011

PIER Letters

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Because of the asymmetry of six-port junctions and the nonlinearity of diode detectors, the calibration of direction finding receivers have to be carefully considered. It is generally believed that an efficient tool for numerical approximations, the artificial neural network (ANN), may be used for such calibrations. In this paper, a new calibration technique based on the ANN is proposed for direction finding receivers at a bandwidth of 1 GHz. The direction finding system adopts a zero-intermediate frequency receiver architecture, which offers the advantage of fast response times. The key modules of this receiver consist of two six-port networks used to measure phase differences and operating frequencies. The results indicate that the calibration technique achieves a high accuracy of 0.192 • .

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Broadband Homodyne Sixport Reflectometer

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

A homodyne five‐port network analyzer operating in the W‐frequency band

A homodyne five‐port network analyzer operating in the W‐frequency band

Design and Implementation of an Ultra-Wideband Six-Port Network

Calibration of a Six-Port Receiver for Direction Finding Using the Artificial Neural Network Technique

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