Broadband and Narrow‐Band Noise Modeling in Powerline Communications

Abstract

This article gives an overview of noise modeling of the two most problematic types of noise in powerline communications (PLC), namely, impulse noise (broadband noise) and frequency disturbers (narrow‐band interference (NBI)). The models for these two types of noise are studied for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The first part of the article looks at several impulse noise models in the literature. A demonstration of the effects of impulse noise on OFDM, using the Middleton Class A model, is given. Methods of combating impulse noise are also studied. In the second part, of the article, we focus on narrow‐band interference modeling and also show how NBI affects OFDM systems. The main focus of NBI is on presenting a detailed NBI model because NBI modeling has not been given much attention in the literature. In our discussion of the NBI model, we show that, with some assumptions, the NBI model and the Middleton Class A model can be similar.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

“…The simulation results of this operation are shown in Figures 5-8 for clipping and nulling NBI at perfect locations in frequency domain, for both QFSK and MBPSK. The clipping value was [11] where the effect of Γ is demonstrated based on the performance difference when varying Γ. On the contrary, MBPSK's performance does not differentiate between either nulling or clipping in terms of error floor whilst for QFSK, the error floor is higher when nulling than when clipping.…”

“…To model the major noise types, the popular 2-state model Middleton Class A model is used for IN as described in [11]. The Probability Density Function (PDF) is expressed as zero-mean Gaussian terms weighted by a Poisson distribution process,…”

“…, where Θl (k) is the k th element in the l th IN vector, σ 2 m is the variance in the system, A is the impulsive index, which is the measure of the IN impulsiveness, m is the possible number of IN to be observed within a certain period. The A parameter is well explained in [11]. The overall variance can be expressed as…”

Breather dynamics in a stochastic sine-Gordon equation: evidence of noise-enhanced stability

“…This is documented by looking at both the frequency domain and the localization of energy. Furthermore, a nonmonotonic behavior of an average characteristic time for the breather as a function of the noise intensity is found, which is a manifestation of the so-called noise-enhanced stability effect [38,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64].…”

Josephson-based Threshold Detector for Lévy-Distributed Current Fluctuations

“…The source of impulsive noise may be either natural or manmade, it may include atmospheric noise or ambient noise, and it might come from relay contacts, electromagnetic devices, electronic apparatus, or transportation systems, switching transients, and accidental hits in telephone lines [29]. The demand to recognize these disturbances led to several proposals for models and detection schemes in this framework [31][32][33][34].…”