Broadband and Efficient Second-Harmonic Generation from a Hybrid Dielectric Metasurface/Semiconductor Quantum-Well Structure

Sarma, Raktim; Ceglia, Domenico de; Nookala, Nishant; Vincenti, Maria Antonietta; Campione, Salvatore; Wolf, Omri; Scalora, Michael; Sinclair, Michael B.; Belkin, Mikhail; Brener, Igal

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00114

Cited by 31 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The effective nonlinear susceptibility of the hybrid structure realized is close to 10 5 pm/V, one of the highest nonlinear optical susceptibility reported for any solid-state material systems. The plasmonic structures have recently been replaced by dielectric metasurfaces, as shown in Figure 21d-f [117]. The structure consists of a one-dimensional germanium guided-mode resonant structure integrated on top of the multi-quantum layer stack.…”

Section: Nonlinear Optics With Hybrid Metasurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

et al. 2020

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Nonlinear optics is an important area of photonics research for realizing active optical functionalities such as light emission, frequency conversion, and ultrafast optical switching for applications in optical communication, material processing, precision measurements, spectroscopic sensing and label-free biological imaging. An emerging topic in nonlinear optics research is to realize high efficiency optical functionalities in ultra-small, sub-wavelength length scale structures by leveraging interesting optical resonances in surface relief metasurfaces. Such artificial surfaces can be engineered to support high quality factor resonances for enhanced nonlinear optical interaction by leveraging interesting physical mechanisms. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in dielectric based sub-wavelength periodic structures to realize efficient harmonic generators, wavelength mixers, optical switches etc. Dielectric metasurfaces support the realization of high quality-factor resonances with electric field concentrated either inside or in the vicinity of the dielectric media, while at the same time operate at high optical intensities without damage. The periodic dielectric structures considered here are broadly classified into guided-mode resonant structures and resonant metasurfaces. The basic physical mechanisms behind guided-mode resonances, electromagnetically-induced transparency like resonances and bound-states in continuum resonances in periodic photonic structures are discussed. Various nonlinear optical processes studied in such structures with example implementations are also reviewed. Finally, some future directions of interest in terms of realizing large-area metasurfaces, techniques for enhancing the efficiency of the nonlinear processes, heterogenous integration, and extension to non-conventional wavelength ranges in the ultra-violet and infrared region are discussed.

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Section: Nonlinear Optics With Hybrid Metasurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

et al. 2020

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“…Building on previous explorations for MQW parameters that improve SHG efficiency according to (1), there are still several unexplored venues for the MS design that may enhance the efficiency in (1). While a simple inspection of (1) indicates that the MS design should support large field intensity enhancement, recent attempts have been focused on two enhancement strategies: nanoparticle arrays associated with narrow resonances and high-quality factors (Q-factors), for instance, supporting SLRs [37,42,43]; multiply-resonant nanostructures for which the resonance enhancement occurs both at pump wavelength and at the SH wavelength [13][14][15]. However, it is important to realize that high field enhancements at both frequencies will not necessarily result in improved efficiency.…”

Section: Metasurface Parameters For High Shg Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first examples were based on nonetched designs, as in [13], in order to maximize the nonlinear material within the substrate of the metasurface. In later stages, etched designs were considered [14][15][16][17][18][19], noticing that the reduced material volume was largely compensated by enhanced field confinement and overlapped resonances. The nonetched designs typically rely on metallic nanoantennas patterned on the top of an MQW layer, as in the geometry of Figure 2b, while the etched designs consider patterning also the MQW substrate to take the same shape as the nanoantenna.…”

Section: Nonetched L-shaped Nanocavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSs can be hence designed to control and steer at will the nonlinear wavefront. This approach has led to a plethora of interesting applications in the midinfrared range, including record-high second harmonic generation (SHG) [13][14][15], difference frequency generation [16], third harmonic generation (THG) [17], and more. Nonlinear wavefront manipulation based on controlling the local phase and amplitude, such as in the case of Pancharatnam-Berry MSs coupled to MQW has been also shown for wave steering and focusing [18], and for spin-controlled wave mixing [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there have been various approaches to MQW polaritonic metasurfaces, based on T-shaped, gammashaped, V-shaped and split-ring resonators [14][15][16][17][18][19]34], the optimal approach to achieve the largest generation efficiency remains elusive. This work is an attempt to present and compare a few approaches to polaritonic MS designs leveraging MQWs to achieve large SHG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giant midinfrared nonlinearity based on multiple quantum well polaritonic metasurfaces

Mekawy

Alù

2020

Nanophotonics

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Ultrathin engineered metasurfaces loaded with multiple quantum wells (MQWs) form a highly efficient platform for nonlinear optics. Here we discuss different approaches to realize mid infrared metasurfaces with localized second-harmonic generation based on optimal metasurface designs integrating engineered MQWs. We first explore the combination of surface lattice resonances and localized electromagnetic resonances in nanoresonators to achieve very large field concentrations. However, when we consider finite size effects, the field enhancement drops significantly together with the conversion efficiency. To overcome this shortcoming, we explore nonetched L-shaped dielectric nanocylinders and etched arrow-shaped nanoresonators that locally support multiple overlapped resonances maximizing the conversion efficiency. In particular, we show the realistic possibility to achieve up to 4.5% efficiency for a normal incident pump intensity of 50 kW/cm2, stemming from inherently local phenomena, including saturation effects in the MQW. Finally, we present a comparison between pros and cons of each approach. We believe that our study provides new opportunities for designing highly efficient nonlinear responses from metasurfaces (MSs) coupled to MQW and to maximize their impact on technology.

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All‐Dielectric Metamaterial Fabrication Techniques

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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region. Basically, all-dielectric metamaterials are composed of polymers, dielectrics, ferrites, or composite materials. [20-22] The unusual electromagnetic properties of all-dielectric metamaterials not only derive from their artificial structure, but also originate directly from the materials, revealing an approach to designing metamaterials with more freedom. [23] Since the initial proposal of all-dielectric metamaterials, various realization mechanisms have been studied and reported. [24-26] The most classical mechanism is based on the so-called Mie-resonance theory, and has been studied extensively. [27-29] In this strategy, dielectric particles with relatively high permittivity are used to generate strong magnetic or electric resonance through electromagnetic wave interaction. Therefore, a negative permeability or permittivity can be produced by the oscillation of the resulting magnetic or electric dipole. This mechanism is simple and versatile, and is generally adopted for the realization of all-dielectric metamaterials with low losses. [30] Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) theory is another classical realization mechanism for all-dielectric metamaterials. [31,32] When the ferromagnetic resonance of the ferrite takes place, a negative permeability appears. Many factors can influence the FMR of the magnetic materials, including the bias magnetic field, magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, and demagnetization field. Hence, ferrite metamaterials with dual-band, multiband, or tunable properties can be obtained, providing a way to resolve the narrow band problem. Besides, mechanisms such as indefinite media or crystal lattice vibration have also been used to realize all-dielectric metamaterials. [33,34] When determining the realization mechanism for an all-dielectric metamaterial, one crucial factor must be considered: the choice of a fabrication method. Moreover, to achieve different performances, many types of materials with specific electromagnetic properties are used to prepare all-dielectric metamaterials. [35] Hence, researchers have developed various techniques for the fabrication of all-dielectric metamaterials derived from different materials. [36-40] In addition, the fabrication requirements are quite different for all-dielectric metamaterials operating at frequencies ranging from the microwave to optical regions. In particular, the size of the metamaterial unit cell is much smaller than the operational wavelength, making the fabrication technology for all-dielectric metamaterials become the key to their further application. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the various techniques used to produce all-dielectric metamaterials. We review the existing fabrication technologies for microwave, terahertz, and optical all-dielectric All-dielectric metamaterials with low loss are a rapidly developing research hotspot in the field of metamaterials, and offer additional design freedom for electromagnetic devices. Many types of fabrication techniques are used to prepare all-dielectric metamaterials, so as t...

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Broadband and Efficient Second-Harmonic Generation from a Hybrid Dielectric Metasurface/Semiconductor Quantum-Well Structure

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

Nonlinear Optics in Dielectric Guided-Mode Resonant Structures and Resonant Metasurfaces

Giant midinfrared nonlinearity based on multiple quantum well polaritonic metasurfaces

All‐Dielectric Metamaterial Fabrication Techniques

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