Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and/or Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales Associated with Canine and Feline Urogenital Infections

Abstract

<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to characterize Enterobacterales resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and/or fluoroquinolones, isolated from dogs and cats with urogenital infections. In total, 36 strains (Escherichia coli (n = 28), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Serratia marcescens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter portucalensis and Enterobacter cloacae (each n = 1)) were included in the present study, 28 from Austria and 8 from Serbia. Isolates were characterized by a polyphasic approach including susceptibility pheno- and genotyping and microarray-based assays. Escherichia (E.) coli isolates were additionally characterized by two-locus (fumC and fimH) sequence phylotyping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. MLST of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates was also performed. Among E. coli, the most dominant phylogenetic group was B1 (27.8%), followed by C, (16.6%), A and Clade II (5.5% each), B2 and F (2.77% each). The most predominant β-lactam resistance genes were blaTEM (70%) and blaCTX-M (38.8%), blaCMY (25%). blaNDM was detected in one carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST114. The most common ST among selected E. coli was 744 (10.7% isolates). The pandemic clones ST131 and ST648 carrying CTX-M-15 were also detected. Remaining STs belonged to 469, 1287, 1463 and 1642. E. coli clonotyping revealed 20 CH types. Based on the presence of certain virulence genes, three isolates were categorized as ExPEC/UPEC. The most prevalent virulence factors were fimH detected in 61%, iucD and iss both in 55%, iroN in 27.8%, papC in 13.8% and sat in 8.3% isolates.</jats:p>

Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India

“…Our results are in accordance with the study of Bajaj et al, where 50% of CTX-M-producing isolates were positive for the qnrS gene [14]. Co-occurrence of PMQR and other antibiotic resistance genes has been reported in similar studies from China, Iran, and Austria [55,58,59]. The presence of PMQR genes among bacteria is a cause for concern, because these resistance genes are thought to create an optimum environment for selection of chromosomal resistance determinants [60,61].…”

“…Plasmid-mediated CIT type AmpC β-lactamase was successfully amplified among 20.5% of bacterial strains. Bajaj et al, Martinez-Medina et al, and Loncaric et al also reported the similar occurrence of AmpC -type β-lactamase among bacterial isolates from river water and patient samples, respectively [ 9 , 52 , 55 ]. Furthermore, sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of bla CMY-2 and bla CMY-42 among 8 and 7 strains, respectively.…”

The Animal-foods-environment interface of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: an observational study on pathogenicity, resistance development and the current situation

“…Between 2013 and 2014, PMQR-containing K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from dogs in Belgium, Spain, Poland, the Czech Republic [39], and K. pneumoniae was representing 2.3% of 7,806 bacterial isolates recovered from diseased equines in France between 2016 and 2019 [71]. Strains harbouring blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-1, qnrB, aac (6), aac(6)-Ib, catB3, blaSHV, qrnB, qnrS, aphA, sul1 and dfrA12 were isolated from dogs in Austria [72]. Comparative analysis of the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae in the EU countries and building up a network of researchers from these countries to investigate AMR in K. pneumoniae will greatly improve AMR surveillance.…”

The Pheno- and Genotypic Characterization of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates

“…E. coli DNA was extracted as previously described [ 24 ]. Isolates were phylotyped using the quadruplex assignment method [ 25 ].…”