Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral Agents Based on Multivalent Inhibitors of Viral Infectivity

Zelikin, Alexander N.; Stellacci, Francesco

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001433

Cited by 27 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Using a less-specific nanoparticle-based approach to inhibit viruses, e.g., when compared to target specific antibodies, is accompanied by a theoretical lower sensitivity to virus mutations. 48 The Beta variant B.1.351 already shows reduced susceptibility to neutralization by vaccine sera and convalescent plasma. 57 In contrast, we found similar activity of our nanomimics also against this variant ( Supplementary Figure 11 ), which might suggest a higher robustness of these less specific inhibitors with respect to mutating viruses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Virustatic Polymer–Lipid Nanomimics Block Viral Entry and Inhibit Malaria Parasites In Vivo

et al. 2022

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Infectious diseases continue to pose a substantial burden on global populations, requiring innovative broad-spectrum prophylactic and treatment alternatives. Here, we have designed modular synthetic polymer nanoparticles that mimic functional components of host cell membranes, yielding multivalent nanomimics that act by directly binding to varied pathogens. Nanomimic blood circulation time was prolonged by reformulating polymer–lipid hybrids. Femtomolar concentrations of the polymer nanomimics were sufficient to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) entry into epithelial cells, while higher doses were needed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given their observed virustatic mode of action, the nanomimics were also tested with malaria parasite blood-stage merozoites, which lose their invasive capacity after a few minutes. Efficient inhibition of merozoite invasion of red blood cells was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo using a preclinical rodent malaria model. We envision these nanomimics forming an adaptable platform for developing pathogen entry inhibitors and as immunomodulators, wherein nanomimic-inhibited pathogens can be secondarily targeted to sites of immune recognition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Virustatic Polymer–Lipid Nanomimics Block Viral Entry and Inhibit Malaria Parasites In Vivo

et al. 2022

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] that belongs to the Baltimore group IV [ 16 ]. This global life-threatening situation needs the development of new antimicrobial approaches that could treat or prevent COVID-19 infections [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons, and shoe covers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Takayama

Tuñón-Molina

Cano-Vicent

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive bacteria contribute to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19, and their resistance to antibiotics is exponentially increasing. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons and shoe covers as protective tools against viral and bacterial infections. However, these non-woven fabrics are made of materials that do not exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Thus, we have here developed non-woven fabrics with antimicrobial coatings of cranberry extracts capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and the bacteriophage phi 6 (about 99% of viral inactivation in 1 min of viral contact), and two multidrug-resistant bacteria: the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced filters were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The non-toxicity of these advanced technologies was ensured using a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model. These results open up a new prevention path using natural and biodegradable compounds for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing in the current COVID-19 pandemic and microbial resistant era.

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“…The need for such drugs was postulated in 2015 [ 13 , 14 ]. The importance of the problem pushed the search for active antivirals among nanomaterials [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and photosensitizers [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Although photosensitizing antivirals are, in principle, suitable for disinfection purposes (e.g., rooms and vehicles), in this account we are focusing on inhibition of viral reproduction in host cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitizing Antivirals

et al. 2021

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Antiviral action of various photosensitizers is already summarized in several comprehensive reviews, and various mechanisms have been proposed for it. However, a critical consideration of the matter of the area is complicated, since the exact mechanisms are very difficult to explore and clarify, and most publications are of an empirical and “phenomenological” nature, reporting a dependence of the antiviral action on illumination, or a correlation of activity with the photophysical properties of the substances. Of particular interest is substance-assisted photogeneration of highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). The damaging action of 1O2 on the lipids of the viral envelope can probably lead to a loss of the ability of the lipid bilayer of enveloped viruses to fuse with the lipid membrane of the host cell. Thus, lipid bilayer-affine 1O2 photosensitizers have prospects as broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses. In this short review, we want to point out the main types of antiviral photosensitizers with potential affinity to the lipid bilayer and summarize the data on new compounds over the past three years. Further understanding of the data in the field will spur a targeted search for substances with antiviral activity against enveloped viruses among photosensitizers able to bind to the lipid membranes.

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Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral Agents Based on Multivalent Inhibitors of Viral Infectivity

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Potent Virustatic Polymer–Lipid Nanomimics Block Viral Entry and Inhibit Malaria Parasites In Vivo

Potent Virustatic Polymer–Lipid Nanomimics Block Viral Entry and Inhibit Malaria Parasites In Vivo

Non-Woven Infection Prevention Fabrics Coated with Biobased Cranberry Extracts Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Photosensitizing Antivirals

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