Broad bean (Vicia fabaL.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating the chemical composition (proximate, minerals, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) and the in vitro (antimicrobial, radical scavenging, anti-acetylcholinesterase and protein denaturing activities) and in vivo (anti-diabetic and histo-protective effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice) biological activities of broad bean pods (BBPs), a food waste by-product material. The results showed that BBPs have high dietary fiber (57.46%), carbohydrate (18.93%) and protein (13.81%) content versus low fat content (<1%) contributing to a low energy value of 139.24 kcal per 100 g. Profiling of fatty acids showed an abundance of the essential polyunsaturated α-linolenic and linoleic acids, exhibiting an excellent nutritional quality as revealed by their low atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and their hypocholesterolemic properties. The methanol extract which exhibited the highest total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents was found to be the most active extract in terms of antimicrobial and anti-radical activities. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice, the oral administration of a methanol extract (500 mg per kg bw) attenuated the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities, and urea, uric acid, and creatinine. It effectively normalized the status of lipid profiles, mitigated oxidative stress through the activation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPx and SOD), and alleviated oxidative stress-mediated histopathological changes in the pancreas, liver, kidney and testis. Compositional analysis by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS revealed the presence of flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin and their derivatives), flavones (apigenin derivatives) and flavonols (glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol), among others. These findings suggest that BBPs may be an effective functional food for the management of diabetes and its complications.

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

“…Among the fruits, berries [7,8], plums, cherries [9,10] and apples [10,11] are the richest in flavonoids, whereas tropical fruits are poor in flavonoids [12]. Among the vegetables, the highest levels of flavonoids are found in broad beans [13], olives [14], onions [15], spinach [16] and shallot [17].…”

Polyphenolic Profile and Varied Bioactivities of Processed Taiwanese Grown Broccoli: A Comparative Study of Edible and Non-Edible Parts

“…The extracts of pomegranate internal membranes by green technologies were used to enrich a cosmetic hydrophilic gel, as a model cosmetic [7]. Broad bean pods were demonstrated as a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, enzymes inhibitory, and anti-diabetic properties [25].…”

Unique secondary metabolites of a Streptomyces strain isolated from extreme salty wetland show antioxidant and antibacterial activities

“…d, 4 µ m, Agilent Technologies, Rising Sun, MD) at 45°C with a multistep linear gradient elution program in which phase B changed from 0 to 20% in 10 min, from 20 to 25% in 10 min, from 25 to 50% in 20 min, from 50 to 100% in 7 min and finally to 20% at 49 min and held at 20% B to 55 min. The UV‐Vis spectra were recorded from 200 to 600 nm, and ions in the m/z range of 100–1000 were detected using a scan time of 1 s. The ESI source was conducted under the following operating conditions: capillary voltage, 3·2 kV; cone voltage, 115 V; probe temperature, 350°C and ion source temperature, 110°C (Mejri et al ). Data acquisition was realized with a Masslynx software ver.…”

“…The ESI source was conducted under the following operating conditions: capillary voltage, 3Á2 kV; cone voltage, 115 V; probe temperature, 350°C and ion source temperature, 110°C(Mejri et al 2018). Data acquisition was realized with a Masslynx software ver.…”