Broad anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunity induced by heterologous ChAdOx1/mRNA-1273 vaccination

Kaku, Chengzi I.; Champney, Elizabeth; Normark, Johan; García, Marina; Johnson, Carl; Ahlm, Clas; Christ, Wanda; Sakharkar, Mrunal; Ackerman, Margaret E.; Klingström, Jonas; Forsell, Mattias N.E.; Walker, Laura M.

doi:10.1126/science.abn2688

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Whether this reflects increased T help due to responses to the N protein or a difference in vector dosing with group 2 hamsters receiving double the dose of the AdC-S vector is unknown. As expected, and reported by others, VNAs cross-reacted albeit with significantly reduced activity against viral variants of concern [45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prime-boost vaccinations with two serologically distinct chimpanzee adenovirus vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid tested in a hamster COVID-19 model

Hasanpourghadi

Novikov

Ambrose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Two serologically distinct replication-defective chimpanzee-origin adenovirus (Ad) vectors (AdC) called AdC6 and AdC7 expressing the spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins of an early SARS-CoV-2 isolate were tested individually or as a mixture in a hamster COVID-19 challenge model. The N protein, which was expressed as a fusion protein within herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) stimulated antibodies and CD8+ T cells. The S protein expressing AdC (AdC-S) vectors induced antibodies including those with neutralizing activity that in part cross-reacted with viral variants. Hamsters vaccinated with the AdC-S vectors were protected against serious disease and showed accelerated recovery upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Protection was enhanced if AdC-S vectors were given together with the AdC vaccines that expressed the gDN fusion protein (AdC-gDN). In contrast hamsters that just received the AdC-gDN vaccines showed only marginal lessening of symptoms compared to control animals. These results indicate that immune response to the N protein that is less variable that the S protein may potentiate and prolong protection achieved by the currently used genetic COVID-19 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prime-boost vaccinations with two serologically distinct chimpanzee adenovirus vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid tested in a hamster COVID-19 model

Hasanpourghadi

Novikov

Ambrose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“… 27 , 33 , 34 Booster‐dose vaccination of either homologous and/or heterologous vaccines was safe and produces significant immunogenicity against Covid‐19 variants. 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 However, a preliminary study from Israel has shown that although the level of antibodies increased with the fourth booster shot of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, they were insufficient to prevent Omicron infection. 39 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current evidence on efficacy of COVID‐19 booster dose vaccination against the Omicron variant: A systematic review

Chenchula

Karunakaran

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

252

160

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an ongoing pandemic, which affected around 45 million confirmed cases of COVID‐19, including more than 6 million deaths. However, on November 24, 2021, the World Health Organization announced a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant designated as the B.1.1.529, a variant of concern (VOC), and the variant has been named as “Omicron.” Available preliminary evidence suggests that, as compared with previous VOCs, it has an increased risk of infectivity. Studies have shown that protection from various vaccines effectiveness against hospitalization and death from severe COVID‐19 disease is decreasing slowly after a two‐dose schedule of COVID‐19 vaccines. In response to experiencing a new COVID‐19 variant and ongoing resurgence of cases, the importance of COVID‐19 vaccine booster dose and durability of the effect of the third dose of vaccine against COVID‐19 Omicron variant is controversial yet. To address this, we conducted a systematic literature survey on effectiveness of the third or booster dose of COVID‐19 vaccine against the Omicron variant. We have performed a systematic search in PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, and MedRXiv database, from inception to January 2022 using the MeSH terms and keywords “Corona Virus Disease‐2019 OR COVID‐19 AND Omicron AND COVID‐19 Booster Vaccine.” We have identified a total of 27 published studies. We have reviewed all the eligible available studies on the effectiveness of the COVID‐19 vaccine booster shots against the Omicron variant. This review may be helpful in accelerating the COVID‐19 booster dose vaccination.

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“… 88 , 93 , 96 , 99 – 101 , 116 Moreover, administering three doses of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines increased effectiveness against Omicron to ~65% and 72%, respectively, compared with unvaccinated mice. 107 Interestingly, heterologous booster vaccination has the potential to induce adequate neutralizing efficacy, 89 , 92 , 117 , 118 which is important for augmenting the protection provided by some vaccines with insufficient neutralizing antibodies. For instance, heterologous booster vaccination with aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, a representative of adenovirus-vectored vaccines, generated greater neutralizing antibody responses against the Omicron variant than that generated by homologous booster vaccination with CoronaVac, 119 which provided an effective alternative in response to the Omicron.…”

Section: Immune Evasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

415

282

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Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one of which is the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The Omicron variant is the most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility and immune evasion ability have raised global concerns. Owing to its enhanced transmissibility, Omicron has rapidly replaced Delta as the dominant variant in several regions. However, recent studies have shown that the Omicron variant exhibits reduced pathogenicity due to altered cell tropism. In addition, Omicron exhibits significant resistance to the neutralizing activity of vaccines, convalescent serum, and most antibody therapies. In the present review, recent advances in the molecular and clinical characteristics of the infectivity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of Omicron variant was summarized, and potential therapeutic applications in response to Omicron infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted potential response to future waves and strategies to end the pandemic.

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Broad anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunity induced by heterologous ChAdOx1/mRNA-1273 vaccination

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Prime-boost vaccinations with two serologically distinct chimpanzee adenovirus vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid tested in a hamster COVID-19 model

Prime-boost vaccinations with two serologically distinct chimpanzee adenovirus vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid tested in a hamster COVID-19 model

Current evidence on efficacy of COVID‐19 booster dose vaccination against the Omicron variant: A systematic review

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

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