British experience in the management of opiate dependence

Spear, H. B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7457-2_3

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The overall death rate for the cohort was 1.75% per annum-thus broadly comparable with that reported by other investigators in the UK and elsewhere (Frischer et al, 1993;Oppenheimer et al, 1994).…”

Section: The Follow-up Cohort and The Maintenance-seeker Sub-samplesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…more (Vaillant, 1973;Stimson and Oppenheimer, 1982). However, whilst these findings enable partial refutation of the popular review of inevitable continuation of addiction, they do not permit proper separation of treatment effects from natural history of the untreated condition (Strang, Gossop and Stimson, 1990).…”

Section: J Strang E T a Lmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The substantial moves away from injecting, the reductions in dose, and the reduction in the use of other drugs would seem t o provide an evidence-base for many of the proposals put forward under the rubric of "harm reduction" (O'Hare ef a/., 1992; Strang and Fa~l-ell, 1992;Heather et 01.. 1993;Stimson. 1994).…”

Section: J Strang E T a Lmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Subjects had first become aware of their dependence upon drugs three years after fust injection and first opiate use (which had occurred at the same age). At original referral, the main drug of use had been heroin for 13 (41%) subjects, and, for 18 (56%) subjects, Diconal (a pharmaceutical mixture of the opiate dipipanone with cyclizine-which was extensively abused intravenously in the UK in the early 1980s (Lancet, 1982;Spear, 1982)). (The one remaining subject had been using dihydrocodeine (DF118) tablets as his main drug of use).…”

Section: Overall Characteristics Of the 32 Maintenance-seekersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, by virtue of the particular circumstances which make such research possible, the opportunity for study of impact is only short-term. Influential natural history studies have included the repeated study over 20 years of heroin addicts who were in treatment with heroin maintenance in London in 1969 (Stimson andOppenheimer, 1982;Oppenheimer et al, 1994), Vaillant's long-term study of a US sample of heroin addicts (Vaillant, 1973), and the study by Robins et al (1974) of heroin use amongst US Army personnel during and after service in Vietnam. However, whilst such studies provide valuable information on the range of outcomes seen with these samples, they do not permit identification of the influences that treatment will have had upon the natural history which is then observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Turned Away from Treatment: Maintenance-Seeking Opiate Addicts at Two-Year Follow-Up

Strang¹,

Bacchus²,

Howes³

et al. 1998

Addiction Research

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Section: The Follow-up Cohort and The Maintenance-seeker Sub-samplesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: J Strang E T a Lmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: J Strang E T a Lmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Overall Characteristics Of the 32 Maintenance-seekersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Turned Away from Treatment: Maintenance-Seeking Opiate Addicts at Two-Year Follow-Up

Strang¹,

Bacchus²,

Howes³

et al. 1998

Addiction Research

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Scoring Smack: The Illicit Heroin Market in London, 1980–1983

Lewis

Hartnoll

Bryer

et al. 1985

British Journal of Addiction

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Summary An illicit heroin market has existed in London since the 1960s. From 1970 illicit supplies from Southeast Asia and subsequently Southwest Asia increased. Two hundred and twenty‐four reports on ‘retail’ and ‘wholesale’ illicit heroin prices were collected between 1980and 1983. Over that period the average retail price reported was £7 8 per gram, almost twice the average wholesale price of £41.00. Between October 1980 and June 1983, retail and wholesale prices fell by 20–25 per cent relative to inflation. Reports from heroin users and other indicators over this period suggest that heroin availability increased and that dilution (‘cutting’) was much less significant than in the United States. The distribution system and the effect of price fluctuation on consumption are discussed. It is argued that retail and wholesale heroin prices provide a useful indicator of market conditions. The evidence points to a flourishing and expanding market in illicit heroin.

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The Impact of Prescribing on the Crimes of Opioid Users

Bennett

Wright

1986

British Journal of Addiction

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The paper investigates the contention that prescribing opioids to regular users leads to a reduction in non-drug crimes. It also examines the nature of the relationship between addiction and crime and some of the factors which influence this relationship. As part of a study of opioid users currently receiving a prescription for methadone or heroin from U.K. National Health Service clinics or from private practitioners (plus a small number of others dependent solely on black-market supplies), self-reports on non-drug crimes were collected relating to the periods before and after first receivirtg a prescription. The findings show that a smaller proportion of addicts reported rton-drug crimes when receiving a prescription than in the period before receiving one. It is noted that this reduction is unlikely to be explained by addicts abandoning the black-market, as almost all of them continued to use illicit sources. There was a reduction, however, in the proportiort of addicts who used black-market drugs frequently. Some opioid users who continued to commit non-drug crimes while receiving a prescription admitted offending for reasons unrelated to drug taking.

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British experience in the management of opiate dependence

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Turned Away from Treatment: Maintenance-Seeking Opiate Addicts at Two-Year Follow-Up

Turned Away from Treatment: Maintenance-Seeking Opiate Addicts at Two-Year Follow-Up

Scoring Smack: The Illicit Heroin Market in London, 1980–1983

The Impact of Prescribing on the Crimes of Opioid Users

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