Bristol scale stool form. A still valid help in medical practice and clinical research

Riegler, G.; Esposito, Immacolata

doi:10.1007/s101510100019

Cited by 146 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The clinical definition of diarrhoea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. The most commonly used diagnostic tool for stool consistency and appearance is the "Bristol scale stool and form" that was introduced by Heaton and Thompson [190]. According to these criteria, diarrhoea, together with passage frequency, correspond to scale 6 and 7.…”

Section: Water Homeostasis In the Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaporins in Infection and Inflammation

Holm¹

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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About the cover:The front cover displays a human, blood-derived macrophage stained for aquaporin 9.During the course of the research underlying this thesis, Angelika Holm was enrolled in Forum Scientium, a multidisciplinary doctoral programme at Linköping University Printed by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2016 "Be brave, even if you're not, pretend to be. No one can tell the difference."To that young, awkward, tall girl who dared to dream of something else, something more:You did it. SUPERVISOR Elena VikströmDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden When cells of the innate immune system encounter pathogens they need to respond and prepare for migration and phagocytosis and do so through volume regulatory processes. The Gramnegative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes a small molecule-based communication system, called quorum sensing (QS) to control the production of its virulence factors and biofilms. We found that P. aeruginosa with a complete QS system elicits a stronger phagocytic response in human blood-derived macrophages compared to its lasI-/rhlI-mutant lacking the production of the QS molecules N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL). Infection with P. aeruginosa further increases the expression of AQP9 and induces re-localisation of AQP9 to the front and trailing ends of macrophages. Moreover, the 3O-C12-HSL alone elevates the expression of AQP9, redistribute the water channel to the front and rear ends and increases the cell area and volume of macrophages. Both infection with the wild type P. aeruginosa and the treatment with 3O-C12-HSL change the nano-structural architecture of the AQP9 distribution in macrophages. ASSISTANT SUPERVISORS Karl-Eric MagnussonViruses use the intracellular machinery of the invaded cells to produce and assemble new viral bodies. Intracellular AQPs are localised in a membranes of cellular organelles to regulate their function and morphology. C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts transiently expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AQP6 show a reduced expression of AQP6 after Hazara virus infection and an increased cell area. Overexpressing AQP6 in C3H10T1/2 cells reduces the infectivity of Hazara virus indicating that AQP6 expression has a protective role in virus infections.Ion and water channels in the epithelial cell lining tightly regulate the water homeostasis. In microscopic colitis (MC), patients suffer from severe watery diarrhoeas. For the first time, we have shown that the expression of AQP1, 8 and 11 and the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE1 are reduced in colonic biopsies from MC patients compared to healthy control individuals. Following treatment with the glucocorticoid budesonide the patients experienced a rapid recovery and we observed a restored or increased expression of the AQPs and NHE1 during treatment, suggesting a role for AQPs in the diarrhoeal mechanisms in MC.Taken together, this thesis provides new evidence on the importance of water homeostasis regulatio...

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Section: Water Homeostasis In the Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaporins in Infection and Inflammation

Holm¹

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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“…It seems reasonable to assume that stool quality-most likely as a result of individual differences in nutrition-might be a confounding factor in the relationship between morphological abnormality and symptoms. For this reason, a study was undertaken to examine the relative importance of stool quality as assessed with the Bristol Stool Form (BSF) Scale [17,18] and rectocele presence and extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectocele or stool quality: what matters more for symptoms of obstructed defecation?

Dietz

2009

Tech Coloproctol

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“…A visual inspection of the stool with 7 different degrees of consistency (from 1 to 7 going from hard to smoother) is used as an evaluation tool independently of the Rome IV criteria. The consistency of the stool in this scale is representative of the intestinal transit time [7,8].…”

Section: Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Disorders in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

et al. 2018

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Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are relatively understudied in the literature, even though they have a serious impact in the morbidity parameters and the quality of life for this group of patients. Various diagnostic tools have been used, including instrumental methods and questionnaires, invariably validated in comparative studies. Summary: The prevalence of GI disorders is very high in PD patients. Compared to the haemodialysis patients they present a higher prevalence of reflux, eating dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, intestinal obstruction or adhesions and abdominal hernia. They may be divided into Gastric disorders (Gastroesophageal reflux disease, pathological Gastric emptying, Dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulcers) and Intestinal disorders (Peritonitis, Diverticulosis, Constipation). Key Messages: The current paper is a review of the literature involving GI disorders in PD patients. This special group of patients with a special role of the peritoneal cavity and the GI motility in the physiology of their dialysis merit a larger number of studies dealing with the interrelation of the GI tract and the PD physiological, functional and pathophysiological parameters.

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Bristol scale stool form. A still valid help in medical practice and clinical research

Cited by 146 publications

References 6 publications

Aquaporins in Infection and Inflammation

Aquaporins in Infection and Inflammation

Rectocele or stool quality: what matters more for symptoms of obstructed defecation?

Gastrointestinal Disorders in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

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