Bringing Society Back in

Abstract

The ~volution of parties portrays a shift from civil society to the state, the culmination of which is the cartel party. Previous research has noted the vulnerabilities of the cartel model, emanating from processes originating in civil society. This study, based on the Israeli case, relates the weakness of the cartel not to challenges from without, but to its own vulnerabilities. The shortage of resources, the fragmentation of the party system and the decline of established parties are inherent to the cartel. Solutions to these maladies are sought in civil society in the framework of the post-cartel party. Taking advantage of developments occurring in the post-individualistic society, parties penetrate civil society by allying with voluntary associations and by stimulating politics of identity. The new, post-cartel, type of party combines the organizational benefits of the cartel while at the same time returning to grassroots social forces.

Factorization of the Difficulty of Political Parties in Indonesia to Develop as an Implementation of Democratic State

“…The most striking change in the problem of political parties is the ideology of political parties, where ideology should be used as the basis and purpose of the establishment of political parties as pawns of democracy, but instead now the ideology of political parties has shifted to seek profit alone. This shifting political party ideology has a negative meaning because it creates the concept that interests are more important than political life itself (Yishai, 2001). Political parties that have an ideology that interests above all have characteristics, among others, ideology and political party programs are not used as the main goal and are defeated for the purpose of interests that benefit political party members who are loaded with economic values (Labolo & Ilham, 2015).…”