Bringing Rigor to the Study of Rigor

Indicators of academic readiness for college: Evaluating an advanced Spanish language program

“…However, only a few studies have explicitly examined middle or high school DLI programs through the lens of preparedness for college or the 21st-century skills framework. Bearse et al (2018) note that, among studies on DLI outcomes at the secondary level, some have investigated GPA and AP course enrollment (p. 88), which are also considered college readiness indicators (Attewell & Domina, 2008;Bowen et al, 2009Bowen et al, , 2018Long et al, 2012;Roderick & Stoker, 2010;Westrick et al, 2015). Lindholm-Leary and Borsato (2005) conducted a survey to identify math enrollment and achievement, and attitudes toward math and schooling overall, of Hispanic high school students who had completed a two-way elementary school DLI program.…”

“…In addition to teaching academic content and skills, advanced coursework can support students to build the confidence, attitudes, and aspirations that collectively contribute to college enrollment and degree completion (Conley, 2017; Perna, 2005). Students who enroll in advanced coursework in high school tend to be better prepared to enroll and persist in US colleges than students who do not (Attewell & Domina, 2008; Bowen et al, 2009; Long et al, 2012; Roderick & Stoker, 2010).…”