Bringing Racialised Women and Girls into View: An Intersectional Approach to Punishment and Incarceration

Stubbs, Julie

doi:10.1108/978-1-78769-955-720201025

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Globally, women account for around 10% of the prison population (Penal Reform International & Thailand Institute of Justice, 2020). In most contexts, it is true to state that women are far less likely to be imprisoned than men although as discussed, Indigenous women in Australia have a higher rate of imprisonment than non-Indigenous men (Stubbs, 2020). Such intersectional variation is important to bear in mind.…”

Section: Experiences Of Imprisonment: Women and Femininitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indigenous women constitute 34% of the Australian women's prison population but make up 2% of the general population (Baldry & Cunneen, 2014). This disparity means Indigenous women are incarcerated at 1.6 times the rate of non-Indigenous men (Stubbs, 2020). Documentary Prison Songs (2015) portrays the day-to-day lives of inmates in Berrimah prison in Darwin, Australia, where more than 80% of prisoners are Indigenous.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It explores the lives of participants before they came to prison and the process of writing songs based on their experiences. Analyses of the punitive turn in Western countries in late modernity overlook the continuity in harsh punishment experienced by Indigenous people under white settler colonialism, and how they have been subject to distinct forms of racialised and gendered control (Baldry & Cunneen, 2014;Stubbs, 2020). Baldry and Cunneen (2014) argue Indigenous Australians were never the recipients of penal welfarism, an approach to punishment based on rehabilitation and treatment, but have experienced a harsh colonial mode of penality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prison and Community Penalties

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2021

Gender, Crime and Justice

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Prison and Community PenaltiesSocial control in the form of enacting punishment is one of the primary emblems of state power. As well as affecting the individuals who experience it, punishment sends a message to the wider community and demonstrates the authority of the state. 'Grand theorising' about the role punishment, particularly imprisonment, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has emphasised the connection between the political and economic order and the way social control is enacted. Frequently, this grand theorising has ignored or underplayed the significance of gender (Bosworth & Kaufman, 2012). Race has been better integrated into 'grand theories', although its intersections with gender have not (Baldry & Cunneen, 2014). Gender is central to understanding punishment in two ways: the politics that underpin punishment are gendered; and the practice of punishment is a form of gendered governance.Strategies of punishment based on control and containment exemplify a masculinist vision of 'tough' state power, which dismisses alternative approaches as soft and effeminate (Kohler-Hausmann, 2017). Kohler-Hausmann argues that in the context of the United States, this gendered politics has drawn on racialised and gendered tropes of dangerous Black

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Section: Experiences Of Imprisonment: Women and Femininitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prison and Community Penalties

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2021

Gender, Crime and Justice

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“…wider criminal justice system. In the United States, African Americans are imprisoned at extraordinary rates, far exceeding any other group of the population, while Australia has the worldwide highest imprisonment rate of its indigenous population (Stubbs, 2020). In Western European countries, immigrants and non-citizens are overrepresented in the criminal justice and correctional system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inequality and punishment: A global paradox?

Karstedt

2021

Journal of Criminology

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Across the world, the most marginalised groups of society are overrepresented in prisons and institutions of the criminal justice system. Besides racial and ethnic minorities, prisons worldwide disproportionately house individuals who count among the least educated, most unemployed and poorest groups of society. However, it is one of the paradoxes of penality that whilst it is obvious that criminal justice systems across the world target disadvantaged populations, the link between imprisonment and socio-economic inequality has been mostly elusive on a global and cross-national scale. This contribution addresses this paradox and aims at unravelling it. It will focus on those processes and mechanisms through which social inequality is transmitted into unequal criminal punishment, and how criminal punishment reproduces inequality. I will first present the evidence from a macro- and comparative perspective, and then explore the relationship between punishment and inequality within societies. Imprisonment growth and concentration of imprisonment are identified as routes towards exacerbating and entrenching inequality, thus being a cause rather than a consequence of inequality.

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“…The over-representation of marginalized individuals within incarceration populations is a global issue. Many studies across Europe, Australia, and the United States indicate that minority racial groups are imprisoned significantly more often than the racial majority (Byrne et al, 2015;Stubbs, 2020). In the United States, African Americans are imprisoned at extraordinary rates, exceeding all other groups in the population, while Australia has the highest worldwide imprisonment rate of its Indigenous population (Stubbs, 2020).…”

Section: Overrepresentation Of Indigenous Canadians In the Criminal J...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Canadians take the Stand: The Influence of Age and Race on Mock-Juror Perceptions and Verdict Decisions

Vettese

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This study examined if race and age interact to influence juror perceptions of eyewitness memory and defendant guilt. Eyewitness age (i.e., 12-vs. 18-years-old), eyewitness race (i.e., Indigenous vs. White), and defendant race (i.e., Indigenous vs. White) were manipulated using a mock-trial transcript. Participants (N= 275) were recruited from psychology courses and Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. Contrary to the hypotheses, Indigenous eyewitness testimony resulted in more guilty verdicts, higher guilt ratings, less favourable perceptions of the defendant, and more favourable perceptions of the eyewitness. Mock-jurors were more punitive toward White defendants and held more favourable perceptions of Indigenous defendants. Racial bias scores moderated the relationships between eyewitness race, defendant race, and the interaction of eyewitness-defendant race for verdict decisions and perceptions of trial party members. This research contributes to the understanding of racial bias in juror decision-making research and can be used to inform jury selection and best practices in the Canadian legal system.Witness: I am one of his best friends; I have known Mr. Smith since grade school. Defence: Mr. Simmons, what do you think of the allegations against Mr. Smith today? Witness: I am shocked. I know Mr. Smith like nobody else does, and I know he wouldn't physically assault anyone. Elijah should be ashamed of trying to destroy his legacy. Defence: So, you think that there is no way Mr. Dakota Smith could have physically abused a student at the school he worked at for three decades? Witness: Definitely not. Defence: How can you be so sure? Witness: I have known Mr. Smith for a very long time. I would have known if this happened, he would have told me. It is a shame that this student is misremembering the past or trying to ruin a great teacher's reputation. Defence: Thank you Mr. Simmons. No further questions your Honour.

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Bringing Racialised Women and Girls into View: An Intersectional Approach to Punishment and Incarceration

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Prison and Community Penalties

Prison and Community Penalties

Inequality and punishment: A global paradox?

Indigenous Canadians take the Stand: The Influence of Age and Race on Mock-Juror Perceptions and Verdict Decisions

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