Bringing Order to the Russian Family: Marriage and Divorce in Imperial Russia, 1760-1860

Freeze, Gregory L.

doi:10.1086/600598

Cited by 71 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In Russia, both fault-based and no-fault divorce systems are available (Freeze, 1990;Keenan, Kenward, Grundy, & Leon, 2013). No-fault divorce, introduced in 2004, allows parties to divorce with mutual consent on the basis of no fault theory after a one-month waiting period.…”

Section: Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Social bearing of laws and their implementation with reference to irretrievable breakdown of marriage: A comparative study of laws in India and Asian countries

Kumar Yadav,

Bala,

Chaudhary

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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This research study explores the scope of introducing ‘irretrievable breakdown’ as a ground for divorce. Many developed countries have successfully introduced this ground and even removed the time limit with the passage of time for seeking a unilateral divorce. Some societies insist that if this ground is introduced, the number of divorces will increase, but it is not so. In India, a more than 10-years separation may be adopted as grounds for divorce to resolve this concern. This time period may be decreased if neither spouse has a child. The court can decide whether the marriage is ended. This is a comparative study of the laws on marriage in India and other Asian countries and their social effects. In this study, the researchers found that marriage was indissoluble in many countries a few decades ago and is now dissoluble. This paper discusses the concept of divorce and how it came into India with changes in social structure. The paper discusses the introduction of irretrievable breakdown as a ground for divorce in India. It explains the current situation of Asian countries with historical background to support the claim of this ground. Overburdened courts are not expected to look into the personal matter of the parties to the marriage. If parties to the marriage can live happily, they should choose to live peacefully, or amicable solutions can be found with their peer groups. If there is a deadlock, the parties to the marriage must restart their lives. There are certain precautions to remove the possibility of misuse of new grounds of divorce, e.g. ensuring a child's future, declaring the marriage dead by the court and not by the estranged spouses. Media can also play an essential role in saving marriages.

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Section: Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Social bearing of laws and their implementation with reference to irretrievable breakdown of marriage: A comparative study of laws in India and Asian countries

Kumar Yadav,

Bala,

Chaudhary

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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“…ласть светских вопросов брака и развода. В связи с тем что православный закон накладывал жесткие ограничения на развод, в Лютеранский статут 1832 г. вошли либеральные прусские основы процесса развода, включая "harte und lebensgefãhrliche Behandlung", как и "andere empfindliche Kränkungen" [Woltman 1847, p. 232;Freymann 1901, p. 24-25;Freeze 1990]. К статуту прилагалась также Агенда, детальное руководство по обязанностям пасторов в осуществлении порядка проведения церковной службы [Agende 1897;Christiani 1861;Wittram 1998, p. 175-176; Über die gegenwärtigen öffentlichen Zustand… 1840].…”

Section: от гегемонии к принятию православного вероисповеданияunclassified

“…2 Реальное число cоставляло менее 69 %, указанных в переписи населения за 1897 г., если учитывать заинтересованность неправославных групп в занижении сведений, особенно до принятия закона о свободе совести (17 апреля 1905 г.). тому, что каждая конфессия контролировала важные институты, в частности брака и развода [Freeze 1990]. В связи с этим религия играла решающую роль в идентификации.…”

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Religious policy of the Russian Empire in the Baltics

Freeze¹

2017

Vestnik SPbSU. History

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Упадок идеи секуляризации обусловил переоценку в европейской историографии роли религии в Европе XIX в., однако на сегодняшний день в историографии истории Российской империи такая переоценка теоретически и эмпирически выражена недостаточно. Вероисповедание, без сомнения, было чрезвычайно важным фактором в таком многоконфессиональном государстве, как Российская империя. И нигде в ее пределах конфессиональный вопрос не был более всеохватным, более острым, чем в Прибалтике-некогда оплоте независимого немецкого лютеранства, а с 1830-х годов-мишени для самого Российского государства и Православной церкви. Данное исследование дает основание предполагать, что религия была основной проблемой в этой неассимилированной пограничной области, все более тяготеющей к интеграции в рамках централизованного государства, и что Российское государство предоставляло значительную, но не постоянную помощь Русской православной церкви; данная религиозная политика служила не интеграции, а отчуждению как лютеран, так и православных; наконец, прибалтийский конфессиональный конфликт, проникая в новый транснациональный век глобализации, глубоко затрагивал международный статус России и ее внешнюю политику. Библиогр. 124 назв.

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“…Due to the church's strict control over divorce in the late imperial period, they became an extraordinary event, and divorced persons can be considered aberrations [Bechasnov 1893: 8;Novoselsky 1916a: 29;Preobrazhensky 1901: 71-74;Freeze 1990;. According to information received from eparchies by the Synod, the number of dissolved marriages began to increase rapidly in the 1860s, but until 1917 remained at a low level (Table 18) Along with the growth in the number of marriages dissolved in the second half of the 19 th and beginning of the 20 th century, the composition of the grounds for divorce changed radically (Table 19).…”

Section: Divorcementioning

confidence: 99%

The Russian revolution of 1917 through the prism of demographic modernization

Миронов

2017

ДО

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In late imperial Russia demographic indicators improved, the efficiency of population replacement increased somewhat, a certain rationalization of demographic behavior occurred, and intra-familial relations were humanized. But arguably the most important changes were that a significant part of the population began to differentiate sexual, matrimonial, and reproductive behavior and to develop individual birth control, changes regarded in demography as criteria for the first demographic transition. The primary explanation for these positive changes lies in the participation in this demographic revolution of approximately 14 percent of Russian citizens, mainly from the educated and affluent population living in large cities, as well as Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant residents of the western regions. The majority of the rural and urban population, of Orthodox, Muslim, pagan, and other non-Christian religious affiliations (approximately 86 percent of the entire population), was superficially affected by the new trends. People who were actively and consciously drawn into the demographic transition, who had been transformed psychologically, mentally, and culturally, were also receptive to innovation in the social, political, cultural, and economic spheres and were the most prepared for and willing to refashion social life on a bourgeois-democratic basis. Their numbers were sufficient for the slow, gradual, overall modernization of the country, but inadequate for rapid and profound revolutionary bourgeois-democratic transformations. Consequently, the Revolution of 1917 proved premature. Political midwives hurried and artificially hastened the birth of a new Russia. The newborn was born preterm. As a result, the revolution could not meet the challenges set by its leaders and organizers.

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Bringing Order to the Russian Family: Marriage and Divorce in Imperial Russia, 1760-1860

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Social bearing of laws and their implementation with reference to irretrievable breakdown of marriage: A comparative study of laws in India and Asian countries

Social bearing of laws and their implementation with reference to irretrievable breakdown of marriage: A comparative study of laws in India and Asian countries

Religious policy of the Russian Empire in the Baltics

The Russian revolution of 1917 through the prism of demographic modernization

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