Digital automated assessment is a valuable and time-efficient
tool
for educators to provide immediate and objective feedback to learners.
Automated assessment, however, puts high demands on the quality of
the questions, alignment with the intended learning outcomes, and
the quality of the feedback provided to the learners. We here describe
the development and use of a large number (N >
180)
of question banks with multiple items (N ≥
20) that are aligned to the intended learning outcomes of an undergraduate
general chemistry course. Even though the development of a large number
of high-quality question banks is a formidable task, they allow for
flexible and easy-to-implement solutions for formative and summative
assessment once developed. We here discuss three applications of the
question banks: formative assessment in large online classes, practice
tests that provide formative assessment outside classes, and summative
assessment through a digital exam. We highlight the importance of
aligning the question banks with intended learning outcomes, providing
additional feedback to the learners and of quality assurance of the
question banks, and show how the combined use of the question banks
supports student self-regulated learning. We hope that the present
work can inspire others to discover the various applications of question
banks for formative and summative assessment.