Electronic monitoring programs were developed roughly fifteen years ago with the aim of reducing jail and prison populations. Since then, a number of issues have surfaced, some of which have been resolved in ways that have strengthened the usefulness of electronic monitoring. Others, however, remain unresolved and threaten to weaken this controversial sanction. Using a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate most any correctional program, this paper traces the development of electronic monitoring programs in the United States and addresses the philosophical, systemic, and political issues that have surfaced. Ways to address the unresolved issues are also considered. We suggest that awareness about electronic monitoring on several levels will strengthen the utility and versatility of the sanction. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: ]