Brillouin Scattering Based Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing For Fire Detection

Liu, Z.; Ferrier, Gregory R.; Bao, Xiaoyi; Zeng, Xiaodong; Yu, Qian; Kim, Andrew

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.7-221

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recent research has showed that there is a clear relationship between the Brillouin power gain and the fiber temperature [21]. The Brillouin power gain increases with fiber temperature and is maximized when the Brilliouin frequency is equal to the frequency difference between the two lasers for the fiber temperature at a specified fiber location(s).…”

Section: Emerging Sensor Technology 21 Heat Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Developments in Fire Detection Technologies

Liu

2003

Journal of Fire Protection Engineering

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120

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Section: Emerging Sensor Technology 21 Heat Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Developments in Fire Detection Technologies

Liu

2003

Journal of Fire Protection Engineering

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120

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“…However, in many applications, sub-centimeter measurement resolutions (or rather spatial resolutions of order ≪10 −4 of the total sensor length) are not necessary, and instead robustness, simplicity, fast sampling times, and low cost are primary concerns. Examples of such cases might be fire detection in buildings, tunnels, etc., 23 leak detection, 24 machines, 25 and perimeter security (or intrusion sensing), 26 to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chirped fiber Brillouin frequency-domain distributed sensing

2014

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A frequency-domain distributed temperature/strain sensor based on a longitudinally graded optical fiber (LGF) is proposed and evaluated. In an LGF, the Brillouin scattering frequency, ν B , changes (i.e., is chirped) lengthwise monotonically and thus every position along the fiber has a unique ν B . Any change locally (at some position) in the fiber environment will result in a measurable change in the shape of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) near the frequency component mapped to that position. This is demonstrated via measurements and modeling for an LGF with local heating. The LGF is one with ∼100 MHz Brillouin frequency gradient over 16.7 m, with 1.1 and 1.7 m segments heated up to 40 K above ambient. A measurement of the BGS can enable the determination of a thermal (or strain) distribution along a sensor fiber, thus rendering the system one that is in the frequency domain. A sensitivity analysis is also presented for both coherent and pump-probe BGS measurement schemes. The modeling results suggest that the frequency-domain systems based on fibers with a chirped Brillouin frequency are highly suited as inexpensive event sensors (alarms) and have the potential to reach submeter position determination with sub-1-K temperature accuracies at >1 kHz sampling rates. Limitations to the technique are discussed. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. IntroductionThe Brillouin scattering frequency, ν B , is related to the optical wavelength, λ o , and the acoustic velocity, V, by ν B ¼ 2Vn mode ∕λ o . It is well known that both the acoustic velocity and the refractive index of a glass usually are functions of its thermomechanical environment; i.e., temperature and any applied stress or strain to the material. The word "usually" is used as a qualifier because it is possible to realize multicomponent materials of which physical properties, such as the refractive index, are immune to temperature or strain/stress. 1-4 However, in conventional pure silica or GeO 2 -doped silica core optical fibers, the Brillouin scattering frequency is dependent on both the temperature and strain, with the usual dependence being an increasing frequency with increasing temperature or strain. 5 Since the temperature and strain dependencies of the Brillouin frequency (typically ∼1.2 MHz∕K 6 and 500 MHz∕%, 7 respectively, near 1550 nm for conventional fiber 5 ) are not insignificant, it is natural that this phenomenon has been adapted for use in distributed sensor technologies, [8][9][10][11] with very impressive results. High-sensitivity and resolution measurement schemes and configurations have been demonstrated, 12-20 and a commercial market exists for such distributed sensing systems. Resolution is defined in this context to be the ability to resolve two events that are in close proximity to each other, or alternatively, to resolve a certain temperatu...

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“…Although it is mostly seen as a problem in telecommunication, SBS has been used in interesting applications such as slow light [4], amplification [5] and sensing. To date, temperature and strain dependence has been measured in single-mode fiber (SMF), which has led to a variety of distributed sensors [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that SBS is temperature and strain sensitive [6,10], so that it can be used as an effective distributed sensor. Also with the resurgence of interest in MMF for increasing the bandwidth of optical fiber links by the use of individual modes [11], it is important to examine the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering for each launched mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in multi-mode fiber for sensing applications

Iezzi

Loranger

Harhira

et al. 2011

2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components

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We present measurements and characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in multi-mode fiber (MMF) in comparison with single-mode fiber (SMF). As can be expected, the threshold for SBS was measured to be much higher in MMF (105 mW) compared with SMF (15 mW). A difference of 525MHz was observed in the SBS frequency shift between both types of fibers. An increase in the gain bandwidth, which was measured to be 17 MHz for MMF compared to 8 MHz in SMF and which is due to several modes present in the MMF. Temperature dependence of the frequency shift was also investigated and was shown to be the same (1 MHz/°C) for both types of fibers. Several applications are therefore proposed using SBS in multi-mode fiber.

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Brillouin Scattering Based Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing For Fire Detection

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Review of Recent Developments in Fire Detection Technologies

Review of Recent Developments in Fire Detection Technologies

Chirped fiber Brillouin frequency-domain distributed sensing

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in multi-mode fiber for sensing applications

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