Brilliant Red HE-3B Dye Biosorption by Immobilized Residual Consortium Bacillus sp. Biomass: Fixed-Bed Column Studies

Abstract

Residual biomass from various industries represents an important source of valuable compounds, used as raw materials for the production of a wide range of new products and also in various treatment and valorization processes or/and sanitation services, thus responding to the principles of sustainable development, waste recovery, and a green and circular economy. The aim of this work is to make use of residual Bacillus sp. biomass (resulting from a process of removing fatty acids from municipal wastewater) immobilized in alginate that, although it results in large quantities from biotechnological processes, is not reported to be valorized in dye biosorption processes, except in few specific applications. The biosorption potential of residual Bacillus sp. biomass in the reactive Brilliant Red HE-3B textile dye removal from aqueous systems was studied in a fixed-bed column. The effects of various experimental operating parameters, such as bed depth (h), flow rate (Fv), were investigated, and the modeling of experimental data based on Thomas and Yoon–Nelson kinetic models was satisfactorily achieved. The obtained results reconfirm that the studied residual biomass can be also considered as a good biosorbent in dynamic operating system, and can be beneficially used in the treatment of wastewater containing small quantities of organic dyes.

Composites Based on Natural Polymers and Microbial Biomass for Biosorption of Brilliant Red HE-3B Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solutions

“…• Bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa immobilised in sodium alginate have been used for the retention of Reactive Green 6 from wastewaters with a maximum adsorption capacity of 21.2 mg/g; Bacillus sp., immobilized in 1% sodium alginate, allows the obtaining of a maximum adsorption capacity of 588.235 mg/g for Brilliant Red HE-3B; Bacillus cereus immobilised in 3% sodium alginate yields a maximum retention of 83% for Malachite Green [10][11][12].…”

Polysaccharides as Support for Microbial Biomass-Based Adsorbents with Applications in Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes

“…One disadvantage must however be analyzed: chelating agents such as EDTA, citrate, lactate, phosphate, or antigelling cations (Na(I) and Mg(II)) dissolve gel [54][55][56]. It has been used to immobilize bacteria (Pseudomonas koreensis [57], Bacillus subtilis [58][59][60]), and fungi (Trichoderma viride [61], Trichoderma asperellum [62], Aspergillus niger [63,64]). Bacillus subtilis immobilized in calcium alginate was used in batch mode (contact time 3 h) for biosorption of Cd(II) ions, obtaining the biosorption capacity of 251.91 mg/g (for initial Cd(II) concentration of 496.23 mg/L) and optimum conditions: pH 5.92, temperature 45 • C, and 1 g/L biosorbent dose.…”

Eco-Friendly Biosorbents Based on Microbial Biomass and Natural Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for the Removal of Drugs and Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

“…This has been and remains a promising biotechnology for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions due to its simplicity, efficiency and to the availability of biomass and residual biomass. The biosorptive capacities of different types of biomasses in relation to the removal of different types of pollutants have been reported in numerous scientific papers [4,7,[23][24][25][26].…”

“…Natural polymers such as chitosan and alginate have been used successfully in the processes of immobilization/encapsulation of enzymes and pharmaceuticals [29][30][31]. So, studies have expanded to obtain adsorbents/biosorbents by immobilizing microorganisms or other materials [4,7,24,26,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…Alginate is also an alternative for immobilization due to its good chemical stability, nontoxicity, incorporation efficiency and low cost [4,7,24,26].…”