Brightness Enhancement and Hue: II. Hue Shift as a Function of Steady and Intermittent Photic Stimulation

Bleck, Frederick C.; Craig, Eugene A.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1965.10544609

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Flickering a light of constant time-averaged intensity can produce shifts in its brightness (e.g., Bartley, 1938Bartley, , 1939Bartley, , 1951aBartley, , 1951bBrewster, 1838;Br¨ucke, 1848) or hue (e.g., Ball, 1964;Ball & Bartley, 1966Bartley & Nelson, 1960;Bleck & Craig, 1965;Stewart, 1887;van der Horst & Muis, 1969). Such shifts arise because of nonlinearities within the visual pathway that distort the representation of the visual input and so change the appearance of the flickering light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of the L- and M-cone pathways that signal color

2013

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Flickering long-wavelength light appears more yellow than steady light of the same average intensity. The hue change is consistent with distortion of the visual signal at some nonlinear site (or sites) that produces temporal components not present in the original stimulus (known as distortion products). We extracted the temporal attenuation characteristics of the early (prenonlinearity) and late (post-nonlinearity) filter stages in the L- and M-cone chromatic pathway by varying the input stimulus to manipulate the distortion products and the measuring of the observers' sensitivity to them. The early, linear, filter stage acts like a band-pass filter peaking at 10-15 Hz with substantial sensitivity losses at both lower and higher frequencies. Its characteristics are consistent with nonlinearity being early in the visual pathway but following surround inhibition. The late stage, in contrast, acts like a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency around 3 Hz. The response of the early stage speeds up with radiance, but the late stage does not. A plausible site for the nonlinearity, which modelling suggests may be smoothly compressive but with a hard limit at high input levels, is after surround inhibition from the horizontal cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of the L- and M-cone pathways that signal color

2013

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“…Flickering a light of constant time-averaged intensity may enhance its brightness (e.g., Bartley, 1938Bartley, , 1939Bartley, , 1951aBartley, , 1951bBrewster, 1838;Brücke, 1848) or change its hue (e.g., Ball, 1964;Ball & Bartley, 1966Bartley & Nelson, 1960;Bleck & Craig, 1965;Petrova, Henning, & Stockman, 2013;Stewart, 1887;van der Horst & Muis, 1969). Such effects seem to arise from nonlinearities that distort the representation of the visual input within the visual pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of L- and M-cone pathways that signal brightness

2013

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Flickering 560-nm light appears brighter and less saturated than steady light of the same average intensity. The changes in appearance are consistent with the visual signal's being distorted at some nonlinear site (or sites) within the visual pathway at which new temporal components, not part of the original waveform, are produced. By varying the input stimulus to manipulate these new temporal components--called distortion products--and measuring our observers' sensitivity in detecting them, we derived the temporal attenuation characteristics of the early (prenonlinearity) and late (post-nonlinearity) stages of the L- and M-cone pathway that signals brightness. We found that the early stage acts like a band-pass filter peaking at 10-15 Hz with sensitivity losses at both lower and higher frequencies, whereas the late stage acts like a two-stage low-pass filter with a corner frequency near 3 Hz. Although brightness is often associated with the fast achromatic or luminance pathway, these filter characteristics, and particularly those of the late filter, are consistent with comparable features of the L-M chromatic pathway that produce mainly chromatic distortion products (Petrova, Henning, & Stockman, 2013). A plausible site for the nonlinearity is after surround antagonism from horizontal cells. Modeling suggested the form of the nonlinearity to be initially expansive but possibly with a hard limit at the highest input levels.

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Optics and Visual Physiology

Rubin¹

1965

Archives of Ophthalmology

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Brightness Enhancement and Hue: II. Hue Shift as a Function of Steady and Intermittent Photic Stimulation

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of the L- and M-cone pathways that signal color

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of the L- and M-cone pathways that signal color

The temporal characteristics of the early and late stages of L- and M-cone pathways that signal brightness

Optics and Visual Physiology

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