Bright light affects alertness and performance rhythms during a 24-h constant routine

Daurat, Agnès; Aguirre, Alberto de Barros; Foret, Jean; Gonnet, Philippe; Keromes, A; Benoît, O

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90271-g

Cited by 110 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Under prolonged/overnight wakefulness, mood and performance decrease to a minimum close to the nadir of core body temperature and increase thereafter (13). In entrained individuals, the core body temperature nadir normally corresponds to early morning (0400 -0600), and mood improvements mediated by the circadian system can be observed thereafter (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure

Rahman

Marcu²,

Shapiro

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Rahman SA, Marcu S, Shapiro CM, Brown TJ, Casper RF. Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300: E518 -E527, 2011. First published December 21, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00597.2010.-The human eye serves distinctly dual roles in image forming (IF) and non-image-forming (NIF) responses when exposed to light. Whereas IF responses mediate vision, the NIF responses affect various molecular, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral variables. NIF responses can have acute and circadian phase-shifting effects on physiological variables. Both the acute and phase-shifting effects induced by photic stimuli demonstrate short-wavelength sensitivity peaking Ϸ450 -480 nm. In the current study, we examined the molecular, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral effects of completely filtering (0% transmission) all short wavelengths Ͻ480 nm and all short wavelengths Ͻ460 nm or partially filtering (ϳ30% transmission) Ͻ480 nm from polychromatic white light exposure between 2000 and 0800 in healthy individuals. Filtering short wavelengths Ͻ480 nm prevented nocturnal light-induced suppression of melatonin secretion, increased cortisol secretion, and disrupted peripheral clock gene expression. Furthermore, subjective alertness, mood, and errors on an objective vigilance task were significantly less impaired at 0800 by filtering wavelengths Ͻ480 nm compared with unfiltered nocturnal light exposure. These changes were not associated with significantly increased sleepiness or fatigue compared with unfiltered light exposure. The changes in molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral processes were not significantly improved by completely filtering Ͻ460 nm or partially filtering Ͻ480 nm compared with unfiltered nocturnal light exposure. Repeated light-dark cycle alterations as in rotating nightshifts can disrupt circadian rhythms and induce health disorders. The current data suggest that spectral modulation may provide an effective method of regulating the effects of light on physiological processes. circadian rhythms; short-wavelength light; melatonin; cortisol; alertness; mood; sleepiness.VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES follow circadian (near-24-h) rhythms regulated by an endogenous pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN integrate endogenous and exogenous cues and synchronize the timing of physiological processes to environmental cycles (10). In most species, light is the strongest environmental time cue that resets circadian rhythms. Repeated changes in light-dark cycles, as in the case of shift work, can disrupt the synchronization between individual physiological processes and the synchronization between endogenous and external environmental rhythms, consequently inducing a wide range of health disorders (24, 54).In addition to phase-resetting effects, light exposure can also induce acute effects such as altered sympathetic regulation (50), rapid suppression of melatonin secretion (6...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure

Rahman

Marcu²,

Shapiro

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…The circadian profiles of both alertness and psychomotor performance are mirror images of the endogenous core body temperature (core BT) rhythm, with a trough of alertness and psychomotor performance levels occurring during the several hours around the minimum core BT (Daurat et al, 1993;Drummond et al, 2001;Gillberg et al, 1994;Leproult et al, 1997;Monk et al, 1997). Recent studies have shown that the sleep-producing mechanism in humans is preceded by increased heat loss (Campbell and Broughton, 1994;Gilbert et al, 1999;Krauchi et al, 1999Krauchi et al, , 1997 and that various sleep-producing manipulations act, at least in part, by enhancing the heat loss mechanism (Deacon et al, 1994;Dorsey et al, 1999;Gilbert et al, 1999;Krauchi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Echizenya

Mishima

Satoh

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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In spite of the accumulation of knowledge regarding the neuropharmacological action of benzodiazepines (Bz), the physiological process by which their sedative/hypnotic effects are induced remains poorly understood. We conducted a single-blind, crossover trial to evaluate the role of the thermoregulatory process in sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance induced by a standard Bz, diazepam (DZP). Each of the eight healthy young male volunteers (mean age, 19.75 years; range, 18-23 years) was given a single oral dose of either 5 or 10 mg of DZP or placebo 12 h after his average sleep onset time. Changes in plasma DZP concentration, proximal body temperature (p-BT), distal body temperature (d-BT), subjective sleepiness measured by the Visual Analog Scale and Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and psychomotor performance measured by Choice Reaction Time were monitored under a modified constant routine condition in which various factors affecting thermoregulation, alertness, and psychomotor performances were strictly controlled. Orally administered DZP induced a significant transient decrease in p-BT and psychomotor performance as well as an increase in d-BT and subjective sleepiness. DistalÀp-BT gradient (DPG; difference between d-BT and p-BT), which is an indicator of blood flow in distal skin regions, showed a strong positive correlation with the plasma DZP concentration, indicating that DZP in clinical doses promotes heat loss in a dose-dependent manner. The DPG also correlated positively with the magnitude of subjective sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance. These findings indicate that the sedative/hypnotic effects of Bz could be due, at least in part, to changes in thermoregulation, especially in the process of heat loss, in humans.

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“…Inconsistent results in these previous studies with respect to the directions of phase shift and differential effects on the circadian systems could be due to experimental designs, such as light intensity and the strength and duration of physical exercise. Bright lights are known to have dual nonvisual effects through the eyes; one is on the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (39), and the other is on wakefulness or alertness (12,14) probably through activation of the sympathetic nervous system (31,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential regulation of circadian melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake cycle by bright lights and nonphotic time cues in humans

Yamanaka¹,

Hashimoto

Masubuchi

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto S, Masubuchi S, Natsubori A, Nishide S-Y, Honma S, Honma K. Differential regulation of circadian melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake cycle by bright lights and nonphotic time cues in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307: R546 -R557, 2014. First published June 18, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00087.2014.-Our previous study demonstrated that physical exercise under dim lights (Ͻ10 lux) accelerated reentrainment of the sleep-wake cycle but not the circadian melatonin rhythm to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule, indicating differential effects of physical exercise on the human circadian system. The present study examined the effects of bright light (Ͼ5,000 lux) on exercise-induced acceleration of reentrainment because timed bright lights are known to reset the circadian pacemaker. Fifteen male subjects spent 12 days in temporal isolation. The sleep schedule was advanced from habitual sleep times by 8 h for 4 days, which was followed by a free-run session. In the shift session, bright lights were given during the waking time. Subjects in the exercise group performed 2-h bicycle running twice a day. Subjects in the control kept quiet. As a result, the sleep-wake cycle was fully entrained by the shift schedule in both groups. Bright light may strengthen the resetting potency of the shift schedule. By contrast, the circadian melatonin rhythm was phase-advanced by 6.9 h on average in the exercise group but only by 2.0 h in the control. Thus physical exercise prevented otherwise unavoidable internal desynchronization. Polysomnographical analyses revealed that deterioration of sleep quality by shift schedule was protected by physical exercise under bright lights. These findings indicate differential regulation of sleep-wake cycle and circadian melatonin rhythm by physical exercise in humans. The melatonin rhythm is regulated primarily by bright lights, whereas the sleep-wake cycle is by nonphotic time cues, such as physical exercise and shift schedule. bright light; physical exercise; circadian pacemaker; sleep-wake cycle; reentrainment THE CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER IN HUMANS entrains to the 24-h cycle of bright lights (20) through phase-dependent phase shifts (13,21,27). On the other hand, nonphotic time cues have been suggested to entrain the circadian pacemaker or a part to the circadian system in humans (3,17,24). For example, sleepwake cycles were entrained by daily social schedules in some totally blind (25, 34) and sighted persons (16), who showed free-running melatonin rhythms in routine life.Entrainment of the sleep-wake cycle to nonphotic time cues was observed in subjects under temporal isolation, independent of the circadian pacemaker (17). When a sleep schedule was phase-advanced by 8 h from a habitual sleep time under dim-light conditions for 8 days, sleep-wake cycles reentrained to the nonphotic schedule, whereas plasma melatonin rhythms were not phase-advanced and failed to entrain to the shift schedule. As a result, the sleep-wake cycle and plasma melatonin rhythm were internally...

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Bright light affects alertness and performance rhythms during a 24-h constant routine

Cited by 110 publications

References 28 publications

Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure

Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure

Heat Loss, Sleepiness, and Impaired Performance after Diazepam Administration in Humans

Differential regulation of circadian melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake cycle by bright lights and nonphotic time cues in humans

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