Brief version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) and measurement invariance across gender and age in a population-based sample.

Abstract

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the most widely used questionnaire in research and clinical practice to assess sleep quality. However, a brief version of this measure would improve its efficiency and applicability. This study aimed to develop a brief form of the PSQI and to study measurement invariance across gender and age in a nonclinical population. In total, 609 participants with a mean age of 37.3 years (standard deviation [SD] ϭ 11.9) were recruited, of whom 71.8% (n ϭ 437) were women. Participants completed online versions of the PSQI and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Reliability analyses were performed to reduce the number of items, followed by validity and measurement invariance analyses for the new Brief Version of the PSQI (B-PSQI). Six questions were included in the B-PSQI out of the initial 18; the brief form had adequate internal consistency (␣ ϭ .79 and ϭ 0.91). Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal fit of the B-PSQI ( 2 (4) ϭ 22.428; p Ͻ .01; comparative fit index (CFI) ϭ 0.99; normed fit index (NFI) ϭ 0.99; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) ϭ 0.98; root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) ϭ 0.06; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) ϭ 0.04), achieving partial scalar invariance across gender-same factorial structure, loadings, and thresholds in the majority of the items. Invariance across age was only achieved for model structure. Additionally, the B-PSQI yielded favorable sensitivity (75.82%) and specificity (76.99%) for classifying poor sleepers, similar to values for the full PSQI. In conclusion, the B-PSQI is a brief, reliable, and valid measure that can be used as a screening tool, allowing valid score comparisons between men and women of similar age. Public Significance StatementA Brief Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was developed to improve its efficiency and applicability. The 6-item B-PSQI is a reliable and valid tool to assess sleep quality and identify poor sleepers. The B-PSQI achieved invariance across gender, allowing valid comparisons of sleep quality between men and women of similar age. The findings highlight the efficiency of the B-PSQI and its wide potential use in assessing sleep quality.

Association between Sleep Quality and Depression Symptoms in Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period

“…As the classic tool for measuring sleep quality, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index has been developed into many versions around the world [ 29 ]. We used the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) [ 30 ] to measure sleep quality in the present study, which has been proven to be a tool with good reliability and validity to measure sleep quality for Chinese populations [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Fruit and vegetable intake and incident and persistent poor sleep quality in a rural ageing population in South Africa: longitudinal study

“…In the first and second survey poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brief Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI), which includes five domains: self-reported sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances during the past month. 15 Summary scores range from 0 to 15 and a B-PSQI cut-off of ≥5 was used to define poor sleep quality; sensitivity and specificity rates are similar to the original PSQI version. 15…”

“…15 Summary scores range from 0 to 15 and a B-PSQI cut-off of ≥5 was used to define poor sleep quality; sensitivity and specificity rates are similar to the original PSQI version. 15…”

Sleep Quality and Affecting Factors Among Elderly Living in a Nursing Home at East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

“…with ratings: never during the past month, less than once a week, once or 2 times a week, 3 times a week or more. Then questions 7 and 8 were added up with the following final scores: 0, 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 (15). The total scores of the 7 components of the PSQI were then summed and interpreted into two categories (≤5 means good sleep quality and >5 means poor sleep quality).…”