Brief Version of Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire in Brazil

Abstract

The use of extensive questionnaires has the limitation of filling time bias, related to the ability to focus and accurately respond to many items, justifying the necessity for a brief version. This study aimed to build a brief version of the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire in Brazil (B-CaffEQ-BR) composed of 21 items divided into seven factors, with as adequate consistency and reproducibility as the full version. Quantitative procedures using statistical modeling were applied using the CaffEQ-BR (full version) database keeping the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (based on the full version) <0.5 and Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ≥0.7. The expert panel (n = 3), in a blind design, evaluated the semantic structuring within the options indicated by previous statistical modeling until the agreement of the expert panel. The participants (n = 62), Brazilian adults who were regular caffeine consumers (175.8 ± 94.4 mg/day), of whom 62.9% were women, 33.1 ± 9.7 years, 24.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and 62.9% of whom self-identified as white, were asked to respond twice to the online questionnaire in 48–72 h. The first sample (n = 40) tested interobserver reproducibility with the double application of B-CaffEQ-BR. Another sample (n = 22) answered the CaffEQ-BR (full version) and B-CaffEQ-BR, and the last sample (n = 18) performed the reverse process. The B-CaffEQ-BR presented excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.729) and overall reproducibility (ICC ≥ 0.915) for the entire questionnaire and its seven factors. The B-CaffEQ-BR can be a valuable tool in caffeine research with the Brazilian adult population.

Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Gene Polymorphisms?—An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes

“…Participants completed the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR questionnaire. We have previously shown the full (overall ICCs > 0.9) [25] and brief (overall ICCs > 0.9) [26] versions of the questionnaires to have excellent reliability in the Brazilian population. The questionnaires were applied via Google Forms™ (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, US) to a convenience sample of adult Brazilian athletes [25,26].…”

“…We have previously shown the full (overall ICCs > 0.9) [25] and brief (overall ICCs > 0.9) [26] versions of the questionnaires to have excellent reliability in the Brazilian population. The questionnaires were applied via Google Forms™ (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, US) to a convenience sample of adult Brazilian athletes [25,26]. Participants were contacted via phone calls, email, or social media like Facebook™, Instagram™, or WhatsApp™ (Meta Inc., Menlo Park, CA, US) [31].…”

“…This was a cross-sectional study involving 71 participants genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A polymorphisms who completed the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR [25,26]. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Católica de Brasília (CAAE 23019319.3.0000.0029) and followed the guidelines established by the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

“…This step was used to analyze the agreement between the full and short versions of the CaffEQ-BR. The order of completion of the questionnaires was counterbalanced, in which part of the sample started with the full version and then the brief version, and the other part was performed in reverse order [26].…”

“…Therefore, assessing the expectations about caffeine's effects is important due to its impacts on mood and sports performance. The Brazilian caffeine expectancy questionnaires (full and brief versions) (CaffEQ-BR) were developed to investigate expectations relating to caffeine ingestion in the adult Brazilian population, specifically regarding factors related to dependence, energy/work improvement, social/mood enhancement, physical performance, anxiety, and sleep disturbances [25,26]. Understanding these expectations can be a useful tool to assess the potential ergogenic or ergolytic response to caffeine supplementation.…”