Brief Review About Neurological, Hematological, Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular and Pulmonar Manifestations of Systemic Erythematosus Lupus

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune multisystem pathology, characterized by being more prevalent in women, especially African women. One of the most frequent pathologies is usually the presence of Lupus Nephritis (1). The prevalence is higher in women in relation to men in a ratio of 9:1, with an age onset between 15 and 44 years of age (2). Objective: to detail the current information related to cardiovascular, neurological, hematological manifestations of systemic erythematosus lupus, analyzing which pathologies are present in this disease. Methodology: a total of 32 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, resulting in the election of 15 bibliographies due to the relevance of them. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and UpToDate; the terms used to search for information in English was: Systemic Erythematosus Lupus and its manifestations. Results: The most frequent gastrointestinal manifestations are regurgitation, peptic ulceration, protein-losing enteropathy, pseudo-obstruction and mesenteric vasculitis; neurological manifestations include seizures, stroke, optic neuritis, altered mental status, aseptic meningitis, chorea, psychosis or depression. At the hematologic level, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is usually manifested, so the patients clinical manifestations should be analyzed and any other etiology of the patient that is not related to systemic lupus erythematosus should be ruled out. Pulmonary manifestations usually include pleuritic pain, lupus pneumonitis, interstitial pulmonary alterations and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovascular manifestations should be ruled out considering that patients with lupus have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: This bibliographic review sought to show the symptoms of patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, and which are related to the most important organs; in this case, at the neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematological and gastrointestinal levels. This review shows us that we must consider several pathologies in patients with Lupus; however, we must remember that the diagnosis of these entities is a rule-out diagnosis, which means that if we have a symptomatology of a certain apparatus or system, we must rule it out with the most frequent, and then consider the less frequent pathology, related to lupus. KEYWORDS: Systemic lupus erythematous; Protein-losing enteropathy; Treatment.