Brief Report: Under-Representation of African Americans in Autism Genetic Research: A Rationale for Inclusion of Subjects Representing Diverse Family Structures

Hilton, Claudia; Fitzgerald, Robert T.; Jackson, Kelley; Maxim, Rolanda; Bosworth, Christopher C.; Shattuck, Paul; Geschwind, Daniel H.; Constantino, John N.

doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0905-2

Cited by 76 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Also these research tools were not extended due to lack of free access services. Researchers stated that due to inequality and convenience sampling approach most of the ASD research focused on high economic group for the development of assessment tools [18]. So there remains some inconsistency in ASD prevalence in low and middle income countries like India.…”

Section: Improved Diagnostic Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore in comparison to other countries the prevalence of ASD is much higher in developed countries. This socio-economic inequalities build our knowledge biased and incomplete because most of the researches concentrate on high income setting which might miss other perspectives of ASD including cultural back ground, sociological impact and natural history of ASD [18]. Also low recourse countries cannot avail the existing services due to cost and feasibility.…”

Section: Socio-economic Advancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review on Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Gender and Socio-Economic Status

Adak¹,

Halder²

2017

J Ment Disord Treat

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Section: Improved Diagnostic Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Socio-economic Advancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review on Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Gender and Socio-Economic Status

Adak¹,

Halder²

2017

J Ment Disord Treat

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“…43 Nevertheless, this study mirrors other published research with children with ASD in which minorities have been underrepresented. 44 Second, our low response rate may reflect some self-selection of caregivers who have sleep problems. However, income level estimate, sex of the child, and ethnicity did not differ between participants and nonparticipants, mitigating potential bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome in Biological Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Russell

Baldwin

McClain

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in biological caregivers of children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The relationship of RLS symptoms to caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was also examined. Finally, we compared the sleep quality and daytime behaviors of children with ASD in caregivers with and without symptoms of RLS. Methods: Biological caregivers (n = 50) of children ages 6 to 11 y with a diagnosis of ASD completed a Sleep Habits Questionnaire (SHQ) that included RLS as determined by four questions. HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS) 12-Item Short Form (SF-12). Caregivers also completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL6/18). Results: Eleven caregivers (22%) fit the criteria for RLS symptomatology and caregivers with RLS reported poorer mental health. Caregivers with RLS described more night waking and greater internalized behavior problems in their children with ASD than the caregivers without RLS. Conclusions: Biological caregivers of children with ASD demonstrated a high prevalence of RLS symptoms and poorer mental health. RLS is known as a sleep disorder that has strong heritability, and it is possible that many of the children with ASD also have symptoms of RLS. RLS as a possible disruptor of sleep should be considered in caregivers and in their children with ASD. Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, caregivers, health-related quality of life, restless legs syndrome Citation: Russell M, Baldwin C, McClain D, Matthews N, Smith C, Quan SF. Symptoms of restless legs syndrome in biological caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders.

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“…Unfortunately, there are disparities in ASD diagnosis and intervention, primarily due to (a) homogeneous research samples [12,13] and (b) overall health disparities blocking access to care. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of participants in ASD treatment studies are lacking in general-not just for underrepresented populations (UP) [13,14].…”

Section: Cultural Characteristics As Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interventions conducted at a clinic may be prohibitive for people who cannot afford transportation, or those whose life obligations conflict with clinic treatment times [12]. As with treatment target inquiry, exploring setting as a possible reason for low UP participation must start with establishment of whether there are any relationships between certain UP types and settings.…”

Section: Treatment Target and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting of Underrepresented Populations in Autism Treatment Studies Across 25 Years

Fannin¹

2017

Clin Arch Commun Disord

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(ASD) now exceeds other severe developmental disorders, making it a significant public health concern [1]. Timely administration of effective treatments is crucial [2] but knowledge of how to tailor treatments to particular children is incomplete. This is evidenced by inconsistent findings, where some children make expressive language gains, while others remain minimally verbal [3]. Further inquiry is necessary to the purpose of better customizing treatments to increase language gains across various populations.Intervention approach is an active ingredient that may contribute to outcome variance, but other factors can alter response to the intervention. Proponents of dynamic systems theory (DST) posit that people have multiple, complex systems outside themselves, such as the home, neighborhood, community, school, workplace, and the people therein, that interact with the inherent developmental processes [4]. This theory exPurpose: Eight language and autism related journals published between 1993 and 2017 were analyzed to identify trends in the inclusion of underrepresented populations in empirical studies with social skill, play, joint attention, and expressive language outcomes. Relationships among treatment outcomes, treatment settings, and underrepresented population types were explored.Methods: All articles (12,381) were searched to identify intervention studies that included participants with autism and were classified by treatment target and setting (N =291). The selected studies were then examined to determine if any participants were from underrepresented populations (n=138) and categorized by type of underrepresented population.Results: Most studies did not indicate demographic characteristics beyond disability, age, and gender; and few relationships between frequency of underrepresented population articles, treatment targets, or intervention setting emerged. Results indicated that demographic characteristics were often omitted, despite recommendations to report descriptive information.Conclusions: Although inclusion of underrepresented populations has increased since 1993, treatment study results cannot yet be generalized to a more diverse population, due to the disproportionately low number of participants from racial/ethnic minority, multilingual, and low socioeconomic status groups reported and/or included in studies. The dearth of underrepresented participants suggests that conscious efforts to recruit and report them are still necessary.

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Brief Report: Under-Representation of African Americans in Autism Genetic Research: A Rationale for Inclusion of Subjects Representing Diverse Family Structures

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Systematic Review on Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Gender and Socio-Economic Status

Systematic Review on Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Gender and Socio-Economic Status

Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome in Biological Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Reporting of Underrepresented Populations in Autism Treatment Studies Across 25 Years

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