Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery from Severe COVID-19 with High Dose Famotidine and High Dose Celecoxib Adjuvant Therapy

Tomera, Kevin M.; Kittah, Joseph

doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0519.v1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous pharmacological studies of famotidine have shown a dose dependent attenuation of intracellular calcium concentrations in neutrophils and at high doses that reactive oxygen species are attenuated [see Tomera and Kittah (2020b) for further details]. This would explain the clinical observations that elevated D-dimers and pulmonary emboli become responsive to standard anticoagulation therapy when given HD famotidine (Tomera and Kittah, 2020a;Radermecker et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…HD famotidine for treatment of COVID-19 is now also being clinically tested in Bangladesh ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04504240), and Iran ( Samimagham et al, 2020 ). Recent encouraging clinical reports include simultaneous administration of famotidine and cetirizine at standard OTC doses ( Hogan et al, 2020 ) and HD famotidine with celecoxib ( Tomera and Kittah, 2020a ; Tomera and Kittah, 2020b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

Malone

Tisdall²,

Fremont-Smith

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for COVID-19, but many signs and symptoms of COVID-19 differ from common acute viral diseases. SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary but not sufficient for development of clinical COVID-19 disease. Currently, there are no approved pre- or post-exposure prophylactic COVID-19 medical countermeasures. Clinical data suggest that famotidine may mitigate COVID-19 disease, but both mechanism of action and rationale for dose selection remain obscure. We have investigated several plausible hypotheses for famotidine activity including antiviral and host-mediated mechanisms of action. We propose that the principal mechanism of action of famotidine for relieving COVID-19 symptoms involves on-target histamine receptor H2 activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. Based on these findings and associated hypothesis, new COVID-19 multi-drug treatment strategies based on repurposing well-characterized drugs are being developed and clinically tested, and many of these drugs are available worldwide in inexpensive generic oral forms suitable for both outpatient and inpatient treatment of COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

Malone

Tisdall²,

Fremont-Smith

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…All studies included patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Three cohort studies (3,4,11) and one case series (10) included mostly patients with severe COVID-19, and one case series included patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. (5)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11) One case series of 25 hospitalized patients with moderate disease showed zero mortality. (10) Another case series of 10 non-hospitalized patients reported improvement in patient reported outcomes. (5)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Famotidine for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sethia¹,

Prasad

Jagannath³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues unabated in many parts of the world. In the absence of any definite antiviral therapy except some benefit of remdesivir, there is an ongoing search for effective therapy. Famotidine has been shown to reduce mortality in hospitalized patients in a few studies. We conducted a systematic review on the use of famotidine in COVID-19. Methods: We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Medrxiv. Title/abstract screening, full text screening and data abstraction were carried out in by two reviewers. Case series, cohort studies and randomized trials were included. Results: Five studies were eligible for inclusion: all were retrospective cohort or case series. Low quality evidence suggests a likely clinical benefit for the use of famotidine in decreasing mortality in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. A meta-analysis of two cohort studies showed a statistically significant decrease in the composite outcome for death and intubation with famotidine (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73). Conclusion: Further evidence from RCTs is required for famotidine to treat COVID 19.

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Next-Generation Vaccines against COVID-19 Variants: Beyond the Spike Protein

Bonam

2023

Zoonoses

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Vaccines are among the most effective medical countermeasures against infectious diseases. The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred scientific strategies to fight against the disease. Since 2020, in response to the pandemic, many vaccines based on different platforms have been under development, among which mRNA, adenoviral vectors, and subunit vaccines have been clinically approved for use in humans. These first-generation COVID-19 vaccines largely target the viral spike (S) protein and are aimed at eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the highly transmissible Omicron strains, S-based vaccine strategies have faced a continuing challenge of strong immune escape by variants. The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a viral protein that induces strong T-cell immunity and is more conserved than S protein across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Inclusion of N protein in the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been reported. Here, we briefly review and discuss COVID-19, current S-protein-based vaccine strategies, the immunobiology of N protein in SARS-CoV-2 host immunity, and next-generation vaccine strategies involving N protein to combat current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery from Severe COVID-19 with High Dose Famotidine and High Dose Celecoxib Adjuvant Therapy

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

Efficacy of Famotidine for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Next-Generation Vaccines against COVID-19 Variants: Beyond the Spike Protein

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