Brief Report: Nonfatal Overdose Events Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Findings From Seven National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Cities 2009 &amp; 2012

Robinson, William T.; Kazbour, Catherine; Nassau, Tanner; Fisher, Kiva A.; Sheu, Shane; Rivera, Alexis V.; Al-Tayyib, Alia; Glick, Sara N.; Braunstein, Sarah L.; Barak, Narquis; Shinefeld, Jennifer; Poe, Jonathon; Raymond, H. Fisher; Brady, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001426

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high prevalence of overdose in our sample is striking. Forty-two percent of our participants had experienced an overdose in the past 6 months, which contrasts sharply with existing estimates of national and global overdose rates among PWID (14% and 17% in the past year, respectively) (50,51).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Polysubstance use in rural West Virginia: Associations between latent classes of drug use, overdose, and take-home naloxone

Schneider

O’Rourke

White

et al. 2020

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background.-Rural communities in the United States have been disproportionately affected by the opioid crisis. Little research has explored the relationship between polysubstance use and overdose experiences among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural communities. We sought to identify classes of polysubstance drug use among rural PWID and evaluate the associations between polysubstance drug use classes, recent overdose experiences, and receipt of take-home naloxone (THN).Methods.-We surveyed 420 PWID (June-July 2018) who had injected drugs in the previous 6 months in Cabell County, West Virginia. Participants were recruited from the local syringe services program and through street-based recruitment. We conducted a latent class analysis using §

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Polysubstance use in rural West Virginia: Associations between latent classes of drug use, overdose, and take-home naloxone

Schneider

O’Rourke

White

et al. 2020

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…The increasing burden of opioid use disorder (OUD) has resulted in increased opioid-related morbidity and mortality, with 47 600 overdose deaths in 2017 alone. 1 , 2 , 3 From 2002 to 2012, hospitalization costs attributable to opioid-related overdose increased by more than $700 million annually. 4 Associated health complications, such as hepatitis C infection, HIV infection, and serious injection-related infections, are also increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Although clinical trials demonstrate the superior effectiveness of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) compared with nonpharmacologic treatment, national data on the comparative effectiveness of real-world treatment pathways are lacking.OBJECTIVE To examine associations between opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment pathways and overdose and opioid-related acute care use as proxies for OUD recurrence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective comparative effectiveness researchstudy assessed deidentified claims from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse from individuals aged 16 years or older with OUD and commercial or Medicare Advantage coverage. Opioid use disorder was identified based on 1 or more inpatient or 2 or more outpatient claims for OUD diagnosis codes within 3 months of each other; 1 or more claims for OUD plus diagnosis codes for opioid-related overdose, injection-related infection, or inpatient detoxification or residential services; or MOUD claims EXPOSURES One of 6 mutually exclusive treatment pathways, including (1) no treatment, (2) inpatient detoxification or residential services, (3) intensive behavioral health, (4) buprenorphine or methadone, (5) naltrexone, and (6) nonintensive behavioral health. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Opioid-related overdose or serious acute care use during 3 and 12 months after initial treatment. RESULTS A total of 40 885 individuals with OUD (mean [SD] age, 47.73 [17.25] years; 22 172 [54.2%] male; 30 332 [74.2%] white) were identified. For OUD treatment, 24 258 (59.3%) received nonintensive behavioral health, 6455 (15.8%) received inpatient detoxification or residential services, 5123 (12.5%) received MOUD treatment with buprenorphine or methadone, 1970 (4.8%) received intensive behavioral health, and 963 (2.4%) received MOUD treatment with naltrexone.During 3-month follow-up, 707 participants (1.7%) experienced an overdose, and 773 (1.9%) had serious opioid-related acute care use. Only treatment with buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduced risk of overdose during 3-month (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14-0.41) and 12-month (AHR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31-0.55) follow-up. Treatment with buprenorphine or methadone was also associated with reduction in serious opioid-related acute care use during 3-month (AHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99) and 12-month (AHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.95) follow-up. (continued) Key Points Question What is the real-world effectiveness of different treatment pathways for opioid use disorder? Findings In this comparative effectiveness research study of 40 885 adults with opioid use disorder that compared 6 different treatment pathways, only treatment with buprenorphine or methadone was associated with reduced risk of overdose and serious opioid-related acute care use compared with no treatment during 3 and 12 months of follow-up. Meaning Methadone and buprenorphine were associated with reduced overdose and opioid-related morbidity compared with opioid antagonist therapy, inpatient treatment, or intensive outp...

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High prevalence of co-occurring substance use in individuals with opioid use disorder

Mahoney

Winstanley

Lander

et al. 2021

Addictive Behaviors

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Brief Report: Nonfatal Overdose Events Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Findings From Seven National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Cities 2009 & 2012

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Polysubstance use in rural West Virginia: Associations between latent classes of drug use, overdose, and take-home naloxone

Polysubstance use in rural West Virginia: Associations between latent classes of drug use, overdose, and take-home naloxone

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder

High prevalence of co-occurring substance use in individuals with opioid use disorder

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