Brief history of electrical cortical stimulation: A journey in time from Volta to Penfield

Isitan, Cigdem; Yan, Qi; Spencer, Dennis D.; Alkawadri, Rafeed

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106363

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Most notably, shortly after David Ferrier's student Robert Caton recorded human brain potentials for the first time (17), Victor Horsley electrically stimulated an encephalocele then, at the behest of Hughlings Jackson, performed the first electrocorticography for epilepsy surgery (18). In 1909, Harvey Cushing reported the use of cortical stimulation in two cases of focal epilepsy (19,20), with Emil Theodor Krause, in the same year, publishing the first map of the human motor cortex (21). This was followed by a more extensive map by Ottfreid Foerster-a major influence on Penfield's work and his approach to epilepsy surgery.…”

Section: History Of Seeg and Neuropsychological Mapping Historical Antecedents Of Seegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG

et al. 2021

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Mapping of cortical functions is critical for the best clinical care of patients undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgery, but also to better understand human brain function and connectivity. The purpose of this review is to explore existing and potential means of mapping higher cortical functions, including stimulation mapping, passive mapping, and connectivity analyses. We examine the history of mapping, differences between subdural and stereoelectroencephalographic approaches, and some risks and safety aspects, before examining different types of functional mapping. Much of this review explores the prospects for new mapping approaches to better understand other components of language, memory, spatial skills, executive, and socio-emotional functions. We also touch on brain-machine interfaces, philosophical aspects of aligning tasks to brain circuits, and the study of consciousness. We end by discussing multi-modal testing and virtual reality approaches to mapping higher cortical functions.

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Section: History Of Seeg and Neuropsychological Mapping Historical Antecedents Of Seegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG

et al. 2021

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“…We used sham stimulations at every positive response site to ensure positive feedback was not coincidental, since electrical stimulation has known imperfections with current shunting. However, it remains the leading method of mapping human brain functions [ 27 ]. It is not easy to decide the extent of functional contributions and correlation of a region based on noninvasive methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent vestibular cingulate–cerebral network underlying gravitational perception: a cross-sectional multimodal study

2022

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Background and objectives The cingulate gyrus (CG) is a frequently studied yet not wholly understood area of the human cerebrum. Previous studies have implicated CG in different adaptive cognitive–emotional functions and fascinating or debilitating symptoms. We describe an unusual loss of gravity perception/floating sensation in consecutive persons with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing electrical cortical stimulation (ECS), network analysis, and network robustness mapping. Methods Using Intracranial–EEG, Granger causality analysis, cortico-cortical evoked potentials, and fMRI, we explicate the functional networks arising from this phenomenon's anterior, middle, and posterior cingulate cortex. Results Fifty-four icEEG cases from 2013 to 2019 were screened. In 40.7% of cases, CG was sampled and in 22.2% the sampling was bilateral. ECS mapping was carried out in 18.5% of the entire cohort and 45.4% of the cingulate sampled cases. Five of the ten CG cases experienced symptoms during stimulation. A total of 1942 electrodes were implanted with a median number of 182 electrode contacts per patient (range: 106–274). The electrode contacts sampled all major cortex regions. Sixty-three contacts were within CG. Of those, 26 were electrically stimulated; 53.8% of the stimulated contacts produced positive responses, whereas 46.2% produced no observable responses. Our study reports a unique perceptive phenomenon of a subjective sense of weightlessness/floating sensation triggered by anterior and posterior CG stimulation, in 30% of cases and 21.42% of electrode stimulation sites. Notable findings include functional connections between the insula, the posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, and networks between the middle cingulate and the frontal and temporal lobes and the cerebellum. We also postulate a vestibular–cerebral–cingulate network responsible for the perception of gravity while suggesting that cingulate functional connectivity follows a long-term developmental trajectory as indicated by a robust, positive correlation with age and the extent of Granger connectivity (r = 0.82, p = 0.0035). Discussion We propose, in conjunction with ECS techniques, that a better understanding of the underlying gravity perception networks can lead to promising neuromodulatory clinical applications. Classification of evidence This study provides Class II evidence for CG's involvement in the higher order processing of gravity perception and related actions.

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“…Penfield, as depicted masterfully in the 1936 Boldrey's thesis, produced a detailed, direct electrical stimulation (DES)generated, motor, somatotopic map, including specific stimulation sites of individual fingers [17,21]. Harvey Cushing, Penfield's remote mentor, had stimulated non-human primates while working in England with renowned neurophysiologist, and later, Nobel laureate, Charles Sherrington, and produced in 1902 and 1903 rather coarse human maps with joint movements only [21].…”

Section: Evolution Of Mapping Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penfield is also credited for mapping language, modifying Foerster's technique, and applied DES with bipolar electrodes producing a square waves with a frequency of 60 Hz and a duration of 0.2 to 0.5 ms, not remote to current settings [17,30]. Applying similar principles, Ojemann, in a landmark 1983 paper, produced a probabilistic model of language organization derived from stimulation mapping of language-related functions including naming, reading, shortterm verbal memory, mimicry of orofacial movements, and phoneme identification, thereby setting the foundations of modern intraoperative language mapping [26].…”

Section: Evolution Of Mapping Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended testing for cognition: has awake brain mapping moved to the next level?

Samandouras

2021

Acta Neurochir

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Brief history of electrical cortical stimulation: A journey in time from Volta to Penfield

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG

Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG

Age-dependent vestibular cingulate–cerebral network underlying gravitational perception: a cross-sectional multimodal study

Extended testing for cognition: has awake brain mapping moved to the next level?

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