Brief exposures to weak static magnetic field during early embryogenesis cause cuticular pattern abnormalities in Drosophila larvae

Ho, Mae‐Wan; Stone, Todd A.; Jerman, Igor; Bolton, J Stuart; Bolton, Helen; Goodwin, Brian C.; Saunders, Peter; Robertson, Forbes W.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/37/5/011

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The teratogenic effects of magnetic fields were also studied. The studies showed no teratogenic effects when cultured embryonic cells of Drosophila were exposed [Nguyen et al, 1995] but abnormal development when embryos were exposed [Ho et al, 1992].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Shima and Tomura [1988] reported mutations in the genes coding for the wings of D. melanogaster exposed to EM fields. Ho et al [1992] indicated that weak static fields during embryogenesis caused cuticular pattern abnormalities in Drosophila larva. On the other hand, Kikuchi et al [1993] observed no changes following exposure of multigenerations of D. melanogaster to ELF alternating magnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster following exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields

Mirabolghasemi

Azarnia

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

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This study investigated the biological effects of alternating electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster eggs and the first, second and third instar larvae stages. D. melanogaster eggs and larval stages were exposed to a 11 mT 50 Hz field produced by a pair of Helmholtz coils. Each stage was exposed to aEMFs for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Features of adult flies such as head, thorax, abdomen and other morphological changes were studied and compared. The frequency of abnormal flies was calculated using statistical methods at P <.05. The results obtained from exposing larvae in different stages of development showed a significant increase in the number of abnormal adult flies, whereas no significant increase was observed in the group arising from eggs exposed to aEMFs. Also, it appeared that duration of exposure correlates with the increase in the number of abnormal flies. There was no significant difference in mortality rate and sex distribution of the abnormal flies between field exposed and the control groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster following exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields

Mirabolghasemi

Azarnia

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…During the same period of early development, exposure of the embryos to weak static magnetic fields also cause characteristic global transformation of the normal segmental body pattern to helical configurations in the larvae emerging 24 hours later (Ho et al, 1992a). As the energies involved are several order of magnitude below the thermal threshold, we conclude that there can be no effect unless the external field is acting on a coherent domain where charges are moving in phase, or where magnetically sensitive liquid crystals are undergoing phase alignment globally .…”

Section: The Coherence Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioenergetics and Biocommunication

Ho¹

1996

Computation in Cellular and Molecular Biological Systems

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Organisms are so enigmatic from the thermodynamic point of view that Lord Kelvin, coinventor of the Second Law of thermodynamics, specifically excluded them from its dominion (Ehrenberg, 1967), while Schrodinger (1944) suggested they feed upon "negative entropy" to free themselves from all the entropy they cannot help producing.Lord Kelvin was impressed with how organisms seem to have energy at will, whenever and wherever required, and in a perfectly coordinated way. That is at once the problem of bioenergetics -how organisms can have energy so readily -and of biocommunication -how the energy mobilizing activities are organized as a whole. Similarly, Schrodinger alluded to the ability of organisms to use the energy they feed on to build up and maintain their dynamic organization. The intuition of both physicists is that energy and organization are intimately linked.Schrodinger was reprimanded, by Linus Pauling and others, for using the term 'negative entropy', which does not correspond to any rigorous thermodynamic entity (Gnaiger, 1994). However, the idea that open systems can "self-organize" under energy flow became more concrete in the discovery of dissipative structures (Prigogine, 1967) that depend on the flow and dissipation of energy, such as the Benard convection cells and the laser. In both cases, energy input results in a phase transition to global dynamic order in which all the molecules or atoms in the system move coherently. From these and other considerations, I have identified Schrodinger's "negative entropy" as "stored mobilizable energy in a space-time structured system" (Ho, 1994b(Ho, , 1995a. In this essay, I show how stored mobilizable energy effectively frees the organism from thermodynamic constraints so that it is poised for rapid and specific intercommunication. In the ideal, the organism is a quantum superposition of coherent activities with instantaneous (nonlocal) noiseless intercommunication throughout the system. 2Energy storage frees the organism from thermodynamic constraints Energy storage and mobilization in living systemsThe key to understanding the thermodynamics of the living system is not energy flow or energy dissipation, but energy storage under energy flow (Fig. 1). Energy flow is of no consequence unless the energy is trapped and stored within the system where it circulates before being dissipated. A reproducing life cycle, i.e., an organism, arises when the loop 251Computation in Cellular and Molecular Biological Systems Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/20/15. For personal use only.

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“…Fruit fly embryos develop abnormal segmentation patterns when briefly exposed to weak, static magnetic fields at a critical period (Ho et al, 1992;Ho, 1998).…”

Section: Atoms Versus Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics in embryogenesis and embryonics: prime mover or epiphenomenon?

Gordon¹

2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Mechanics is shown to be an important, perhaps central component to the differentiation and development of embryos. Mechanics of the nucleus may also be involved in determining which genes are expressed in a given cell. There are two major approaches at present to the mechanics of differentiation in embryos: morphomechanics and differentiation waves. These are compared in detail, to provide a starting point for future experimental work to bring them into one conceptual framework. This may rationalize the present cookbookery of stem cell production by placing it in the context of differentiation waves and the differentiation code. Embryonics, the realization of concepts from embryology in computer hardware and software, might be considerably enhanced by incorporating mechanical concepts of embryogenesis. Segmented robots, modular robotics, cellular microrobotics, flexible electronics, wearable computers, diatom nanotechnology and waves in active media point to a synthesis that we could call embryonic robotics.

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Brief exposures to weak static magnetic field during early embryogenesis cause cuticular pattern abnormalities in Drosophila larvae

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Developmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster following exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields

Developmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster following exposure to alternating electromagnetic fields

Bioenergetics and Biocommunication

Mechanics in embryogenesis and embryonics: prime mover or epiphenomenon?

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