Brief Effect of a Small Hydrophobic Drug (Cinnarizine) on the Physicochemical Characterisation of Niosomes Produced by Thin-Film Hydration and Microfluidic Methods

Abstract

Novel niosomal formulations containing cinnarizine were developed to enhance its drug characteristics. In this work, niosomes (non-ionic surfactant vesicles) were prepared by conventional thin-film hydration (TFH) and microfluidic (MF) methods with sorbitan monostearate (Span® 60), cholesterol, and co-surfactants (Cremophor® ELP, Cremophor® RH40 and Solutol® HS15) as key excipients. The aim was to study the effect of cinnarizine on the characteristics of different niosomal formulations manufactured by using different methods. For effective targeted oral drug delivery, the efficacy of niosomes for therapeutic applications is correlated to their physiochemical properties. Niosome vesicles prepared were characterised using dynamic light scattering technique and the morphology of niosomes dispersion was characterised using optical microscopy. Dialysis was carried out to purify niosome suspensions to determine drug loading and drug release studies was performed to study the potential use of niosomal systems for cinnarizine.

Diosgenin-loaded niosome as an effective phytochemical nanocarrier: physicochemical characterization, loading efficiency, and cytotoxicity assay

“…In formulations, no diosgenin or cholesterol crystal was observed. In a study conducted by Yeo et al (2018), the formation and morphology of cinnarizine niosome was evaluated, and some round, circular shapes were observed under the light microscope, consistent with the images in our study [44].…”

Formulation of Sodium Valproate Nanospanlastics as a Promising Approach for Drug Repurposing in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia

“…The DSC thermogram of Span 60 exhibited an endothermic peak at 54.4 °C that corresponds to its transition temperature [ 68 ]. Cremophor RH showed an endothermic peak at 26.1 °C attributed to its melting transition [ 65 , 69 ]. The plain (drug-free) nanospanlastic formula exhibited the appearance of a new endothermic peak at 40.2 °C that may be attributable to the interaction between the components of the nanospanlastic vesicles during the development of the lipid bilayer [ 66 ].…”

<p>Use of transethosomes for enhancing the transdermal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation</p>

“…Considering the SAA type, the PS was greater for formulae prepared using S60 than the equivalent formulations prepared using other SAAs. Yeo et al 41 stated that the PS of vesicles increases when HLB value of SAA decreases which is related to decrease in the hydrophilic portion of SAA. Thus, S60 with the lowest HLB value (4.7), as mentioned earlier, resulted in the highest PS.…”