Bridging worlds: Integrating hardware-in-the-loop testing with large-scale VANET simulation

Buse, Dominik S.; Schettler, Max; Kothe, Nils; Reinold, Peter; Sommer, Christoph; Dressler, Falko

doi:10.23919/wons.2018.8311659

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Traditional Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) can be used in the V2X testing. Buse [70,71] proposed the Ego-Vehicle Interface (EVI) to integrate these very different types of simulators including HIL simulators and VANET simulators. Szendrei and Varga [72] designed a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) V2X simulation framework to offer a cost-efficient and simple toolset.…”

Section: V2x Testing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Testing

Wang

Shao

et al. 2019

Sensors

214

117

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Vehicle to everything (V2X) is a new generation of information and communication technologies that connect vehicles to everything. It not only creates a more comfortable and safer transportation environment, but also has much significance for improving traffic efficiency, and reducing pollution and accident rates. At present, the technology is still in the exploratory stage, and the problems of traffic safety and information security brought about by V2X applications have not yet been fully evaluated. Prior to marketization, we must ensure the reliability and maturity of the technology, which must be rigorously tested and verified. Therefore, testing is an important part of V2X technology. This article focuses on the V2X application requirements and its challenges, the need of testing. Then we also investigate and summarize the testing methods for V2X in the communication process and describe them in detail from the architectural perspective. In addition, we have proposed an end-to-end testing system combining virtual and real environments which can undertake the test task of the full protocol stack.

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Section: V2x Testing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Testing

Wang

Shao

et al. 2019

Sensors

214

117

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“…For example, testing vehicle's ECUs is a common application area for real-time simulations where they provide a well-defined environment during test execution. Buse et al [18] show such an interactive real-time simulation for VANET systems. The simulated environment of communicating vehicles must cope with incoming messages form a non-simulated hardware component at any time in the simulation.…”

Section: Are Real-time Pdes Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-time simulation using DESs is frequently used in the area of VANET HIL testing, as shown by [9,18,19]. However, due to their restrictive simulation to wall-clock-time deviation, the scenario complexity of these frameworks is limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations

et al. 2021

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Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run.

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“…In order to formulate the element of ''PAST'', the dSPACE Automotive Simulation Model -(ASM) element is used along with a database matrix (look-up table) [21]. The range of configuration options for the EV energy prediction is shown in Figure 4 [22]. • I d1 -route to be travelled by the EV user after completing the V2G service (length, height);…”

Section: A Elements Of the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

The V2G Process With the Predictive Model

Mroczek

Kolodynska

2020

IEEE Access

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The paper proposes using a predictive model to optimize the use of electricity in the V2G (vehicle to grid) service. The novelty of the mechanism as a kind of model predictive control (MPC) is that it seeks an effective way of managing electric energy in an Electric Vehicle (EV). Additionally, it proposes a new method of predicting the electricity consumption which allows the battery of an electric vehicle to reconcile two sides: both the system's and the user's demand will be met at the same time. The model allows for very precise determination of the vehicle's demand for the energy related to the progressive movement, taking into account the parameters characteristic of a given vehicle model, its suspension structure and aerodynamics. In addition, the machine learning algorithm was proposed for the prediction model as a hybrid (offline and online) of supervised learning. As the first part of the research, by using Matlab/Simulink/dSpace software, a prediction of EV energy consumption was created on a selected route at different times of the day (offline data matrix). At the same time, the simulated route was travelled by a BMW i3 EV (online data matrix). Based on the developed machine learning algorithm the results of the electric energy consumption were compared. The research confirms that if the correct mechanism for prediction of energy consumption by the EV is used, it is possible to define the amount of energy needed for a V2G service. The measurement error was obtained at 0.5%. The added value is setting up the EV energy security of customers after the V2G service and a correct WIN-WIN relation between the Low Voltage grid and EV customers' needs.

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Bridging worlds: Integrating hardware-in-the-loop testing with large-scale VANET simulation

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

A Survey of Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Testing

A Survey of Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Testing

Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations

The V2G Process With the Predictive Model

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