Bridging the Research--Practice Gap With a Clinically Adaptive Internet-Based Outcome System

Richards, P. Scott; Sanders, Peter; Mcbride, Jason; Lea, Troy

doi:10.1037/e540332014-001

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Before each session, clients also completed the Clinically Adaptive Client Outcome Measure (CA-COM; McBride, 2015; Richards, Sanders, McBride, & Lea, 2014; Sanders, 2015), which is an adaptive measure that assesses based on clients’ most salient concerns in up to six clinically relevant dimensions, including Clients’ Perceptions of Their Spiritual Distress, Physical Health Distress, Relationship Distress, Psychological Distress, Work/School Distress, and Therapy Progress. The CA-COM did not require clients to complete all items each session—only those items that were most salient to their concerns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with the findings of McBride’s (2015) study, we calculated a Psychological Distress dimension by combining the intake items from the Distressing Thoughts, Distressing Behaviors, and Distressing Emotions dimensions. At the conclusion of each therapy session, psychotherapists completed the CAMOS-Therapist Session Checklist (CA-TSC; Richards et al, 2014) to document which therapeutic issues were explored and which interventions used during the session (1–2 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processes and outcomes of theistic spiritually oriented psychotherapy: A practice-based evidence investigation.

Sanders¹,

Richards²,

McBride³

et al. 2015

Spirituality in Clinical Practice

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Various approaches for incorporating spirituality into psychotherapy have been developed, but few have been submitted to empirical scrutiny. The present article reports the results of a practice-based evidence (PBE) study, and demonstrates the value of PBE as a research strategy for the empirical evaluation of spiritually oriented psychotherapies (SOPs). This approach involves examining the effectiveness of SOPs in routine settings, providing more externally valid results than randomized controlled trials. Outcome and process data for 304 clients at a private, religious, university counseling center were examined using a PBE methodology. Clinicians integrated a wide variety of spiritual interventions with various secular treatments. The therapist, low initial spiritual distress, and client desire to discuss spirituality in session predicted the frequency with which spiritual interventions were used. The results of multiple hierarchical linear models suggested that clients improved substantially in multiple domains of functioning. The frequency of use of spiritual interventions was not a significant predictor of differential growth trajectories for clients. This study provides an example of how PBE can be used to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of the types of spiritual interventions practitioners employ in their practices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes and outcomes of theistic spiritually oriented psychotherapy: A practice-based evidence investigation.

Sanders¹,

Richards²,

McBride³

et al. 2015

Spirituality in Clinical Practice

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“…The Clinically Adaptive Therapist Session Checklist (CA-TSC; Richards et al, 2014) is a postsession checklist used by therapists to identify clients’ issues (e.g., alcohol/drug use), theoretical approaches (e.g., client-centered), spiritual interventions (e.g., encouraged acceptance of God’s love), and therapeutic intentions (e.g., instill hope) used in a given session. The TSC broadly defines spiritual interventions beyond prayer and scripture reading.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The process and outcome of spiritually integrated psychotherapies: A cross-cultural study in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.

Sim¹,

Li²,

Hwang³

et al. 2022

Psychotherapy

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We investigated the process and outcome of spiritually integrated psychotherapies (SIPs) with 34 Catholic therapists and 359 clients in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America using a practice-based evidence design. The three most frequently used spiritual interventions across all therapists were: "encouraging personal prayer," "affirming trusting God," and "encouraging listening to the heart," but "discussing hope" was also one of the top three in Asia and Africa, "self-control" in Asia, "spiritual confrontation" and "selfdisclosure" in Latin America, and "listening to spiritual issues" in Europe. In addition, using growth curve analyses, we found a significant decrease in both spiritual and nonspiritual distress over the course of SIPs; the levels of spiritual and nonspiritual concerns were highly correlated (but distinct) at any given time point. Also, the nonspiritual outcomes at one session significantly predicted the subsequent session's spiritual outcomes, but not the other way around. Finally, a moderate number of spiritual interventions were associated with a faster decline in nonspiritual distress than was a low number, although we found mixed results regarding whether a high number of spiritual interventions was associated with a faster decline of clients' nonspiritual distress than a moderate number. Results suggest that therapists should attend to spiritual concerns in psychotherapy. Clinical Impact StatementQuestion: What spiritual interventions are used and what are the spiritual and nonspiritual outcomes of spiritually integrated psychotherapies (SIPs) for Catholic therapists and clients in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe? Findings: Different spiritual interventions were used with clients in different continents; clients reported reductions in spiritual and nonspiritual distress over the course of SIP sessions; spiritual intervention use was also found to correlate with client symptom reduction over time. Meaning: Therapists might consider using spiritual interventions with their clients, especially those whose cultures value spirituality and who are experiencing spiritual distress. Next Step: Future researchers could examine how therapists modify SIPs to fit the needs of clients from different cultures.

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“…Because the procedures are described in the Sanders et al study, they will not be described in detail here. Briefly, Stephanie completed a Spiritual Intake Questionnaire, Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey (TSOS; Richards et al, 2005), and the Clinically Adaptive Client Outcome Measure (CA-COM; Richards, Sanders, McBride, & Lea, 2014) before each of her therapy sessions. One-year after the termination of treatment, Stephanie completed the CA-COM again and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-year after the termination of treatment, Stephanie completed the CA-COM again and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982). At the conclusion of each therapy session, Dr. H completed the Clinically Adaptive Therapist Session Checklist (CA-TSC; Richards et al, 2014), which he used to summarize what topics were discussed during each session and what spiritual interventions he used. Dr. H also received summaries of the outcome assessment results for Stephanie each week to assist in treatment planning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiritual pathways to healing and recovery: An intensive single-N study of an eating disorder patient.

Allen¹,

Lea²,

Richards³

et al. 2015

Spirituality in Clinical Practice

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This article presents an in-depth single case study of 8 sessions of spiritually integrated psychotherapy with a 20-year-old woman recovering from an Eating Disorder. The inclusion and utility of session-to-session outcome data as well as systematic follow up data in conjunction with in-depth qualitative interviews are shown. Dr. H and client's perspectives are highlighted over the course of treatment. Clinical areas of focus were extracted from the the qualitative interviews and the therapeutic process is described. Single-case study statistical analyses were conducted to highlight clinical gains and maintenance.

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Bridging the Research--Practice Gap With a Clinically Adaptive Internet-Based Outcome System

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Processes and outcomes of theistic spiritually oriented psychotherapy: A practice-based evidence investigation.

Processes and outcomes of theistic spiritually oriented psychotherapy: A practice-based evidence investigation.

The process and outcome of spiritually integrated psychotherapies: A cross-cultural study in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.

Spiritual pathways to healing and recovery: An intensive single-N study of an eating disorder patient.

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