Bridging the regeneration gap: insights from echinoderm models

Dupont, Samuel; Thorndyke, M.C.

doi:10.1038/nrg1923-c1

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Regeneration‐related proteins : Coelomocytes are involved in the very early stages of regeneration namely in the wound‐healing phase 31, and the wnt genes have already been described as being involved in the formation of the thickened wound epithelia that is vital for regeneration in the echinoderm Amphiura filiformis 32. Several proteins belonging to this pathway were also identified in the present study, namely, cAMP‐dependent histone kinase and guanine nucleotide‐binding protein subunit β‐1.…”

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confidence: 63%

Proteome characterization of sea star coelomocytes – The innate immune effector cells of echinoderms

2011

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Sea star coelomic fluid is in contact with all internal organs, carrying signaling molecules and a large population of circulating cells, the coelomocytes. These cells, also known as echinoderm blood cells, are responsible for the innate immune responses and are also known to have an important role in the first stage of regeneration, i.e. wound closure, necessary to prevent disruption of the body fluid balance and to limit the invasion of pathogens. This study focuses on the proteome characterization of these multifunctional cells. The identification of 358 proteins was achieved using a combination of two techniques for protein separation (1-D SDS-PAGE followed by nanoLC and 2-D SDS-PAGE) and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS for protein identification. To our knowledge, the present report represents the first comprehensive list of sea star coelomocyte proteins, constituting an important database to validate many echinoderm-predicted proteins. Evidence for new pathways in these particular echinoderm cells are also described, and thus representing a valuable resource to stimulate future studies aiming to unravel the homology with vertebrate immune cells and particularly the origins of the immune system itself.

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confidence: 63%

Proteome characterization of sea star coelomocytes – The innate immune effector cells of echinoderms

2011

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“…), biomaterial development (Wilt, ; Barbaglio et al. , ) and regenerative medicine (Dupont & Thorndyke, ; Candia Carnevali & Burighel, ; Green et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating morphology andin vivoskeletal mobility with digital models to infer function in brittle star arms

et al. 2018

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Brittle stars (Phylum Echinodermata, Class Ophiuroidea) have evolved rapid locomotion employing muscle and skeletal elements within their (usually) five arms to apply forces in a manner analogous to that of vertebrates. Inferring the inner workings of the arm has been difficult as the skeleton is internal and many of the ossicles are sub‐millimeter in size. Advances in 3D visualization and technology have made the study of movement in ophiuroids possible. We developed six virtual 3D skeletal models to demonstrate the potential range of motion of the main arm ossicles, known as vertebrae, and six virtual 3D skeletal models of non‐vertebral ossicles. These models revealed the joint center and relative position of the arm ossicles during near‐maximal range of motion. The models also provide a platform for the comparative evaluation of functional capabilities between disparate ophiuroid arm morphologies. We made observations on specimens of Ophioderma brevispina and Ophiothrix angulata. As these two taxa exemplify two major morphological categories of ophiuroid vertebrae, they provide a basis for an initial assessment of the functional consequences of these disparate vertebral morphologies. These models suggest potential differences in the structure of the intervertebral articulations in these two species, implying disparities in arm flexion mechanics. We also evaluated the differences in the range of motion between segments in the proximal and distal halves of the arm length in a specimen of O. brevispina, and found that the morphology of vertebrae in the distal portion of the arm allows for higher mobility than in the proximal portion. Our models of non‐vertebral ossicles show that they rotate further in the direction of movement than the vertebrae themselves in order to accommodate arm flexion. These findings raise doubts over previous hypotheses regarding the functional consequences of ophiuroid arm disparity. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating experimental data and visualization of articulated structures when making functional interpretations instead of relying on observations of vertebral or segmental morphology alone. This methodological framework can be applied to other ophiuroid taxa to enable comparative functional analyses. It will also facilitate biomechanical analyses of other invertebrate groups to illuminate how appendage or locomotor function evolved.

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“…In recent years, however, previously intractable questions in regenerative biology have begun to be answered by taking advantage of invertebrate models with powerful regeneration capacities (Reddien et al, 2005; Cebriá et al, 2007; Dupont and Thorndyke, 2006; 2007; Peterson and Reddien, 2008; 2009). As the secrets of regeneration are beginning to be revealed, a related problem comes into sharp focus: the loss or fading of regenerative potential during aging.…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siphon regeneration capacity is compromised during aging in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Jeffery

2012

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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The ascidian Ciona intestinalis has a short life span and powerful regeneration capacities. The regeneration of the oral siphon (OS) involves wound healing, blastema formation, cell proliferation, and replacement of eight oral pigment organs (OPO), the latter via differentiation and migration of stem/precursor cells from localized siphon niches in the siphon. The restoration of OPO pattern during OS regeneration occurs with a high degree of accuracy through three successive cycles of amputation. It is shown here that oral siphons of the largest and oldest members of a wild Ciona population do not completely regenerate their siphons after amputation. The loss of regeneration capacity was accompanied by reduced cell proliferation. In contrast to arrested OS outgrowth, the stem/precursor cells responsible for OPO replacement “over-differentiate” after OS amputation in the oldest animals, the typical number of OPO is increased from eight to twelve-sixteen, and malformed OPO are produced. Also in contrast to younger animals, the oldest animals of the population show arrested OPO development after two consecutive cycles of amputation and regeneration. We conclude that there is a size and age threshold in Ciona after which the regenerative capacity of the OS is compromised due to effects of aging on cell proliferation.

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Bridging the regeneration gap: insights from echinoderm models

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Proteome characterization of sea star coelomocytes – The innate immune effector cells of echinoderms

Proteome characterization of sea star coelomocytes – The innate immune effector cells of echinoderms

Integrating morphology andin vivoskeletal mobility with digital models to infer function in brittle star arms

Siphon regeneration capacity is compromised during aging in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

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