Bridging the Gap: Virus Long-Distance Spread via Tunneling Nanotubes

Jansens, Robert J. J.; Tishchenko, A. B.; Favoreel, Herman

doi:10.1128/jvi.02120-19

Cited by 69 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…4C-D suggests the occurrence of a thin (< 0.7 µm) strand of Factin containing tunneling nanotube (TNT). These intercellular membranous connections may provide the transference of molecular information especially viruses [41]. Similarly, virus cell surfing was shown on SARS-CoV-2 infection, which offers new insights into cell-to-cell propagation and virus transmission.…”

Section: Cellular Bridges Containing Viral Particlesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the host cell via high resolution scanning electron microscopy

Caldas¹,

Carneiro²,

Higa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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HighlightsWe used high resolution scanning electron microscopy to investigate Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 2 and 48 hours post-infection. The central conclusions of this work include:• Infected cells display polarization of their cytosol forming a restricted viroplasm-like zone dedicated to virus production and morphogenesis.• This is the first demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 attachment by scanning electron microscopy.• This is the first scanning electron microscopy images of the interior of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and exploration of their vacuole contents.• Perspective-viewing of bordering vesicles in close association with vacuoles.• Observation of membrane ruffles and structures suggestive of exocytosis on the surface of infected cells.• The first demonstration of viral surfing in cell-to-cell communication on SARS-CoV-2 infection.Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we investigated the interaction of this new coronavirus with Vero cells using high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Surface morphology, the interior of infected cells and the distribution of viral particles in both environments were observed 2 and 48 hours after infection. We showed areas of viral processing, details of vacuole contents, and viral interactions with the cell surface. Intercellular connections were also approached, and viral particles were adhered to these extensions suggesting direct cell-to-cell transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Cellular Bridges Containing Viral Particlesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the host cell via high resolution scanning electron microscopy

Caldas¹,

Carneiro²,

Higa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…TNTs are 10–100 μm-long membranous processes that extend between cells and serve to transfer ions, proteins, and organelles [ 119 , 120 ]. They vary in thickness and cytoskeletal composition; TNTs with a diameter less than 0.7 μm usually contain only a filamentous F-actin backbone while thicker ones commonly contain both F-actin and MTs [ 250 , 251 ]. Correspondingly, while all TNTs can contain nonconventional myosins such as myosin Va and/or myosin X, “thick” MT-containing TNTs also harbor kinesin-1 and dynein [ 250 , 251 ].…”

Section: Sorting Of Virions In Polarized and Non-polarized Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They vary in thickness and cytoskeletal composition; TNTs with a diameter less than 0.7 μm usually contain only a filamentous F-actin backbone while thicker ones commonly contain both F-actin and MTs [ 250 , 251 ]. Correspondingly, while all TNTs can contain nonconventional myosins such as myosin Va and/or myosin X, “thick” MT-containing TNTs also harbor kinesin-1 and dynein [ 250 , 251 ]. Many different families of viruses appear to direct the formation of TNTs or TNT-like structures during infection in order to transmit infectious particles or signals to neighboring cells [ 250 ].…”

Section: Sorting Of Virions In Polarized and Non-polarized Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly, while all TNTs can contain nonconventional myosins such as myosin Va and/or myosin X, “thick” MT-containing TNTs also harbor kinesin-1 and dynein [ 250 , 251 ]. Many different families of viruses appear to direct the formation of TNTs or TNT-like structures during infection in order to transmit infectious particles or signals to neighboring cells [ 250 ]. TNT induction has been reported for HSV-1 [ 252 , 253 , 254 ] and several other alphaherpesviruses [ 65 , 250 , 251 ], and in many cases the conserved alphaherpesvirus serine/threonine kinase US3p, known to control MT acetylation and stability ( Table 1 , Section 3.1 ) is necessary and sufficient for TNT assembly [ 64 , 250 , 255 , 256 ].…”

Section: Sorting Of Virions In Polarized and Non-polarized Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HSV-1 Cytoplasmic Envelopment and Egress

Ahmad

Wilson

2020

IJMS

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a structurally complex enveloped dsDNA virus that has evolved to replicate in human neurons and epithelia. Viral gene expression, DNA replication, capsid assembly, and genome packaging take place in the infected cell nucleus, which mature nucleocapsids exit by envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane then de-envelopment into the cytoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm, capsids travel along microtubules to reach, dock, and envelope at cytoplasmic organelles. This generates mature infectious HSV-1 particles that must then be sorted to the termini of sensory neurons, or to epithelial cell junctions, for spread to uninfected cells. The focus of this review is upon our current understanding of the viral and cellular molecular machinery that enables HSV-1 to travel within infected cells during egress and to manipulate cellular organelles to construct its envelope.

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“…Homeostatic communications between the neural cells and neurovasculature in the brain are essential for the physiological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of these communications depends on the integrity of neurons and glia, synapses and the nanostructures called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The physical characteristics of TNTs can spread over a long-range, with lengths up to 200 μm and diameters from 0.5 to 0.7 μm, depending on how these structures are defined or identified.…”

Section: Neurons and Glial Cells In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimers as Modulators of Brain Cells

2020

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Nanostructured hyperbranched macromolecules have been extensively studied at the chemical, physical and morphological levels. The cellular structural and functional complexity of neural cells and their cross-talk have made it rather difficult to evaluate dendrimer effects in a mixed population of glial cells and neurons. Thus, we are at a relatively early stage of bench-to-bedside translation, and this is due mainly to the lack of data valuable for clinical investigations. It is only recently that techniques have become available that allow for analyses of biological processes inside the living cells, at the nanoscale, in real time. This review summarizes the essential properties of neural cells and dendrimers, and provides a cross-section of biological, pre-clinical and early clinical studies, where dendrimers were used as nanocarriers. It also highlights some examples of biological studies employing dendritic polyglycerol sulfates and their effects on glia and neurons. It is the aim of this review to encourage young scientists to advance mechanistic and technological approaches in dendrimer research so that these extremely versatile and attractive nanostructures gain even greater recognition in translational medicine.

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Bridging the Gap: Virus Long-Distance Spread via Tunneling Nanotubes

Cited by 69 publications

References 120 publications

Ultrastructural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the host cell via high resolution scanning electron microscopy

Ultrastructural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the host cell via high resolution scanning electron microscopy

HSV-1 Cytoplasmic Envelopment and Egress

Dendrimers as Modulators of Brain Cells

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