Bridging the gap between marine biogeochemical and fisheries sciences; configuring the zooplankton link

Mitra, Aditee; Castellani, Claudia; Gentleman, Wendy C.; Jónasdóttir, Sigrún; Flynn, Kevin J.; Bode, Antonio; Halsband, Claudia; Kuhn, Penelope; Licandro, Priscilla; Agersted, Mette Dalgaard; Calbet, Albert; Lindeque, Penelope K.; Koppelmann, Rolf; Møller, Eva Friis; Gíslason, Ástþór; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; John, Michael St.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.025

Cited by 146 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…Avenues for future improvements are large and numerous and concern all aspects of the model. The challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling have been identified in many dedicated studies (e.g., Doney, 1999;Hood et al, 2006;Merico et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2011;Mitra et al, 2014). Setting priorities in a long list of potential necessary modifications is a rather difficult task which relies not only on the diagnostic of the major deficiencies of the current model but also on the future research scope envisioned for the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Aumont¹,

et al. 2015

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Abstract. PISCES-v2 (Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies volume 2) is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine ecosystems (phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and of the main nutrients (P, N, Fe, and Si). The model is intended to be used for both regional and global configurations at high or low spatial resolutions as well as for short-term (seasonal, interannual) and long-term (climate change, paleoceanography) analyses. There are 24 prognostic variables (tracers) including two phytoplankton compartments (diatoms and nanophytoplankton), two zooplankton size classes (microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and a description of the carbonate chemistry. Formulations in PISCES-v2 are based on a mixed Monod-quota formalism. On the one hand, stoichiometry of C / N / P is fixed and growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the external availability in N, P and Si. On the other hand, the iron and silicon quotas are variable and the growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the internal availability in Fe. Various parameterizations can be activated in PISCES-v2, setting, for instance, the complexity of iron chemistry or the description of particulate organic materials. So far, PISCES-v2 has been coupled to the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) systems. A full description of PISCES-v2 and of its optional functionalities is provided here. The results of a quasi-steady-state simulation are presented and evaluated against diverse observational and satellite-derived data. Finally, some of the new functionalities of PISCES-v2 are tested in a series of sensitivity experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Aumont¹,

et al. 2015

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“…The zooplankton community acts as a link for the transfer of energy and material from protists to the higher trophic levels and has a pivotal role in the recycling and export of nutrients (Valiela, 1995;Mitra et al, 2014). Hence, zooplankton plays a key role in marine food webs and biochemical cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding Reveals Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Succession of Zooplankton Communities in the Red Sea

2017

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Very little is known about the composition and the annual cycle of zooplankton assemblages in the Red Sea, a confined water body characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism but at the same time one of the most understudied areas in the world in terms of marine biodiversity. This high diversity together with the lack of references for several of the groups poses a problem in obtaining basic information on zooplankton seasonal patterns. In the present work, we used high throughput sequencing to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of the zooplankton communities inhabiting the epipelagic zone in the central Red Sea. The analysis of zooplankton assemblages collected at two sites-coastal and offshore-twice a month at several depth strata by using MANTA, Bongo and WP2 nets provides baseline information of the seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community over 1 year. We show that the seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton communities living in the upper 100 m of the water column is driven mainly by the annual changes in seawater temperature. The 18S rRNA gene was used for metabarcoding of zooplankton assemblages revealing 630 metazoan OTUs (97% similarity) in five phyla, highlighting the richness of the Red Sea community. During colder months, communities were characterized by lower richness and higher biomass than communities found during the hot season. Throughout the year the zooplankton communities were dominated by the class Maxillopoda, mainly represented by copepods and class Hydrozoa. The rise in the water temperature favors the appearance of classes Malacostraca, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, and Saggitoidea. The present study provides essential baseline information for future monitoring and improves our knowledge of the marine ecosystem in the Red Sea while reporting the main environmental variable structuring zooplankton assemblages in this region.

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“…biological oceanographers, modellers) emphasize, mostly or entirely, the organisms representing the two extremes in the evolution of protists: the strictly heterotrophic microzooplankton and the strictly phototrophic phytoplankton. Mixotrophy is also ignored or marginalized in theoretical as well as modelling studies of aquatic ecosystems (Table 2 in Mitra et al, 2014). Thus, the nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-bacteria (NPZB) food web models, which have been a feature of marine research for decades (Cushing, 1975(Cushing, , 1995Fasham et al, 1990;Totterdell et al, 1993;Rose et al, 2010), do not include mixotroph functional types at all.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The traditional view of the planktonic food web describes consumption of inorganic nutrients by photoautotrophic phytoplankton, which in turn supports zooplankton and ultimately higher trophic levels. Pathways centred on bacteria provide mechanisms for nutrient recycling. This structure lies at the foundation of most models used to explore biogeochemical cycling, functioning of the biological pump, and the impact of climate change on these processes. We suggest an alternative new paradigm, which sees the bulk of the base of this food web supported by protist plankton communities that are mixotrophic -combining phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single cell. The photoautotrophic eukaryotic plankton and their heterotrophic microzooplankton grazers dominate only during the developmental phases of ecosystems (e.g. spring bloom in temperate systems). With their flexible nutrition, mixotrophic protists dominate in more-mature systems (e.g. temperate summer, established eutrophic systems and oligotrophic systems); the more-stable water columns suggested under climate change may also be expected to favour these mixotrophs. We explore how such a predominantly mixotrophic structure affects microbial trophic dynamics and the biological pump. The mixotroph-dominated structure differs fundamentally in its flow of energy and nutrients, with a shortened and potentially more efficient chain from nutrient regeneration to primary production. Furthermore, mixotrophy enables a direct conduit for the support of primary production from bacterial production. We show how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow. In order to prevent a misinterpretation of the full implications of climate change upon biogeochemical cycling and the functioning of the biological pump, we recommend inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies.

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Bridging the gap between marine biogeochemical and fisheries sciences; configuring the zooplankton link

Cited by 146 publications

References 286 publications

PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Metabarcoding Reveals Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Succession of Zooplankton Communities in the Red Sea

The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump

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