Bridging the gap between emerging models and humans by learning from polio animal studies: A systematic review

Moreni, Giulia; Aknouch, Ikrame; Ras, Morris; Brouwer, Lieke; Spijker, René; Calitz, Carlemi; Stittelaar, Koert J.; Sridhar, Adithya; Wolthers, Katja C.

doi:10.1002/ctd2.42

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…It has been reported that chick embryo cells or hamster embryo cells previously exposed to poliovirus type 1 and then exposed to irradiated Sendai virus as a fusion inducing agent (which induce cell fusion and multinucleated giant cells), leads to the replication of poliovirus ( 165 ). Murine cells can become susceptible to poliovirus infection after they have been transfected with a DNA construct expressing the human CD155 receptor ( 166 , 167 ). Infected cells show cytopathic effects within 4 to 6 h, and release up to 10,000 newly infectious virus particles upon cell lysis.…”

Section: Interspecies Circulation Of Poliovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?

Devaux,

Pontarotti,

Levasseur

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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The polioviruses (PVs) are mainly transmitted by direct contact with an infected person through the fecal-oral route and respiratory secretions (or more rarely via contaminated water or food) and have a primary tropism for the gut. After their replication in the gut, in rare cases (far less than 1% of the infected individuals), PVs can spread to the central nervous system leading to flaccid paralysis, which can result in respiratory paralysis and death. By the middle of the 20th century, every year the wild polioviruses (WPVs) are supposed to have killed or paralyzed over half a million people. The introduction of the oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) through mass vaccination campaigns (combined with better application of hygiene measures), was a success story which enabled the World Health Organization (WHO) to set the global eradication of poliomyelitis as an objective. However this strategy of viral eradication has its limits as the majority of poliomyelitis cases today arise in individuals infected with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) which regain pathogenicity following reversion or recombination. In recent years (between January 2018 and May 2023), the WHO recorded 8.8 times more cases of polio which were linked to the attenuated OPV vaccines (3,442 polio cases after reversion or recombination events) than cases linked to a WPV (390 cases). Recent knowledge of the evolution of RNA viruses and the exchange of genetic material among biological entities of the intestinal microbiota, call for a reassessment of the polio eradication vaccine strategies.

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Section: Interspecies Circulation Of Poliovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?

Devaux,

Pontarotti,

Levasseur

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Although these studies have greatly facilitated our understanding of the virus replication cycle in vitro, these models do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the human gastrointestinal epithelium with its multiple cell types [ 12 ]. Because cell lines constitute a single cell type, these models are limited and often fail to provide a reliable understanding of viral pathogenesis in humans [ 13 ]. In addition, the lack of a reliable in vitro, or ex vivo, model has hindered the research on novel antiviral treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 3D Human Intestinal Organoids as a Platform for EV-A71 Antiviral Drug Discovery

Masmoudi

Santos-Ferreira

Wolthers

et al. 2023

Cells

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Enteroviruses are a leading cause of upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, and neurological infections. Management of enterovirus-related diseases has been hindered by the lack of specific antiviral treatment. The pre-clinical and clinical development of such antivirals has been challenging, calling for novel model systems and strategies to identify suitable pre-clinical candidates. Organoids represent a new and outstanding opportunity to test antiviral agents in a more physiologically relevant system. However, dedicated studies addressing the validation and direct comparison of organoids versus commonly used cell lines are lacking. Here, we described the use of human small intestinal organoids (HIOs) as a model to study antiviral treatment against human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) infection and compared this model to EV-A71-infected RD cells. We used reference antiviral compounds such as enviroxime, rupintrivir, and 2′-C-methylcytidine (2′CMC) to assess their effects on cell viability, virus-induced cytopathic effect, and viral RNA yield in EV-A71-infected HIOs and cell line. The results indicated a difference in the activity of the tested compounds between the two models, with HIOs being more sensitive to infection and drug treatment. In conclusion, the outcome reveals the value added by using the organoid model in virus and antiviral studies.

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“…These hard-to-grow viruses are predominantly present in Africa, and they spread mainly among children [ 18 , 19 ]. Based on the studies on poliovirus [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and other EV [ 23 , 24 ], the primary replication sites of EV-C are believed to be the gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelium. CVA-1, CVA-13, CVA-15, and CVA-17 to CVA-22, EV-C96, and EV-C99 are considered gastrointestinal EV-C as they are mainly isolated from the stool samples in cases of mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Polio Enterovirus C Replicate in Both Airway and Intestine Organotypic Cultures

Moreni,

van Eijk,

Koen

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Non-polio enteroviruses (EV) belonging to species C, which are highly prevalent in Africa, mainly among children, are poorly characterized, and their pathogenesis is mostly unknown as they are difficult to culture. In this study, human airway and intestinal organotypic models were used to investigate tissue and cellular tropism of three EV-C genotypes, EV-C99, CVA-13, and CVA-20. Clinical isolates were obtained within the two passages of culture on Caco2 cells, and all three viruses were replicated in both the human airway and intestinal organotypic cultures. We did not observe differences in viral replication between fetal and adult tissue that could potentially explain the preferential infection of infants by EV-C genotypes. Infection of the airway and the intestinal cultures indicates that they both can serve as entry sites for non-polio EV-C. Ciliated airway cells and enterocytes are the target of infection for all three viruses, as well as enteroendocrine cells for EV-C99.

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Bridging the gap between emerging models and humans by learning from polio animal studies: A systematic review

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?

Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?

Evaluation of 3D Human Intestinal Organoids as a Platform for EV-A71 Antiviral Drug Discovery

Non-Polio Enterovirus C Replicate in Both Airway and Intestine Organotypic Cultures

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