Bridging the financial inclusion gender gap in smallholder agriculture in Nigeria: An untapped potential for sustainable development

Adegbite, O. O.; Machethe, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104755

Cited by 120 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The empirical results of the instrumental variable estimation methodology on data from 91 countries showed that women's greater financial inclusion has a positive effect on economic development. Based on data from Global Findex Databases 2011Databases , 2014Databases , 2017 and the Smallholder Household Survey 2016 database in Nigeria, Adegbite and Machethe (2020) examined how the financial inclusion gender gap (FIGG) in Nigeria has evolved, as well as its causes and impact on sustainable development. The results of the study revealed that the FIGG in smallholder farms was 7% in 2011, 20% in 2014, 12% in 2016 and increased to 24% in 2017.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial inclusion, mobile banking, informal finance and financial exclusion: micro-level evidence from Morocco

Ezzahid

Elouaourti

2021

IJSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThis study has a dual purpose. The first is constructing a financial inclusion index to investigate if the reforms implemented during the last decades at the macroeconomic and sectoral levels have contributed to increase the financial inclusion level in Morocco. The second is to deepen the investigation to explore the impact of these reforms at the microeconomic level, by focusing on six major issues: determinants of financial inclusion, links between individual characteristics and barriers to financial inclusion, determinants of mobile banking use, motivations for saving, credit objectives and determinants of resorting to informal finance.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the principal component analysis methodology is mobilized to construct a financial inclusion index for Morocco. Second, the probit model methodology on a micro-level database of 5,110 Moroccan adults is used.FindingsFirst, the financial inclusion index shows that financial inclusion in Morocco over the last two decades has followed different trends. The first period (1999–2004) was characterized by a slight upswing in the level of financial inclusion. In the second period (2004–2012), the level of financial inclusion increased significantly. During the third period (2012–2019), the financial inclusion maintained almost the same level. Second, empirical results showed that the determinants of formal finance and mobile banking are different from those of informal finance. Having a high educational attainment and being a participant in the labor market fosters financial inclusion. Concerning financial exclusion determinants, the results emphasized that a high educational attainment reduces the barriers leading to voluntary exclusion. As income level increases, barriers of involuntary exclusion such as “lack of money” become surmountable. Although "remoteness" and "high cost" are the major barriers to financial inclusion of all Moroccan social classes, the development of mobile banking allows to eliminate, smoothen and/or loosen all barriers sources of involuntary exclusion. As for the barriers causing voluntary exclusion, the Islamic finance model constitutes a lever for the inclusion of population segments excluded for religious reasons. As for the determinants of the recourse to informal finance, being a woman, an older person and having a low educational level (no more than secondary education) increase the probability to turn to informal finance.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is the non-availability of data on the two dimensions (quality and welfare) of financial inclusion. The composite index is constructed on the basis of two dimensions (access and use) for which data are available.Practical implicationsThis study has three main implications. In practice, with the launching of the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion, this work provides empirical grounded evidence that contributes to design financial inclusion policies in Morocco. In research, while the debate on financial inclusion, mobile banking and informal finance has been raging in recent years, Morocco, like many other African countries, has not received coverage on these topics at the household level.Social implicationsFor society, this study provides considerable insight about the segments of population that are financially excluded and the main reasons for their exclusion.Originality/valueThis study enriches the existing literature with four essential contributions. First, it analyzes the evolution of the level of financial inclusion in the Moroccan economy through the development of a synthetic index. Second, it is the first to study the Moroccan population's financial behavior on the basis of micro-level data, which will help understand more precisely their financial behavior and the main obstacles to their inclusion. Third, this study explores the determinants of the use of mobile banking. Fourth, it sheds some light on the main determinants of the recourse to informal finance.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial inclusion, mobile banking, informal finance and financial exclusion: micro-level evidence from Morocco

Ezzahid

Elouaourti

2021

IJSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dabla-Norris et al (2020) found that FD and INC are important drivers of opening bank account. Some scholars argued that education, economic institutions, INC, political stability, quality institutions, inflation, and FD are essential determinants of FI (see Adegbite & Machethe, 2020;Anarfo et al, 2020;Demirg€ uç-Kunt et al, 2020;Koomson et al, 2020;Ozili, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nexus of remittances, institutional quality, and financial inclusion

Saydaliyev

Lee

Oskenbayev

2020

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present article adopted the dynamic panel data method to investigate the effect of the inflow of remittances on financial inclusion (FI), particularly focusing on high remittance-receiving developing countries between 2011 and 2018. The current research found that remittances that foster FI are associated with better institutional quality. The evidence revealed that the effect of remittances on FI is conditional upon individuals' perception of the institutions. Positive coefficient on the interaction terms indicates that the impact of remittances on FI can be enhanced in the recipient countries, if the public trusts the financial institutions. Hence, the overall results of the current research suggest that the impact of remittances on FI is conditional on institutions. On a final note, the policy implications of these findings are thoroughly evaluated at the end of this article.

show abstract

“…In Ethiopia, a lower proportion of the gender disparity in financial inclusion is explained by socioeconomic characteristics, implying that other non-socioeconomic factors are also to account for the reported gender difference. The gender disparity in financial inclusion is attributed to a variety of causes, including sociocultural, institutional, legal, and regulatory barriers, according to the literature (Adegbite & Machethe, 2020). Ethiopia has a diverse population, patrilineal ethnicity, and customs, which make women vulnerable to sociocultural norms, especially in rural areas.…”

Section: Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence From Decomposition Analysis

Hundie

Tulu

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Ethiopia, the gender gap in financial inclusion is high, and the effect of socioeconomic variables on the gap is not well investigated. As a result, this study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database from 2017 to analyze magnitude and determinants of the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using Fairlie decomposition technique, we find statistically significant gender gap in all indicators of financial inclusion under study in Ethiopia. The result shows that the highest financial inclusion gender gap is observed in formal saving followed by formal account holding. The decomposition results show males are 16.5%, 16.6%, 8.9 %, 8.4 %t, and 5.8% more likely to have a formal account, formal saving, borrowing, emergency fund possibility, and debit card ownership, respectively. We further decompose these gaps using Daymont and Andrisani approach and the result reveals that differences in coefficients between males and females explain 57.7% in formal saving, 43.4% in formal account holding, and 110.9% in borrowing from formal financial institutions. About 54.2% of the total gender gap in possibility of raising emergcency fund is attributed to differences in characteristics/predictors between the two genders while gender gap in debit card holding is explained by the iteraction between differences in characterisctics and coefficients. Being older, more educated, and wealthier favor financial inclusion, with age, employment, and education having a greater effect. Furthermore, gaps in coefficients, productivity, and advantage to males and disadvantage to females aggravate the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Gender mainstreaming in economic activities to increase income, employment opportunities and education for females to bridge the gender gap in financial inclusion is important.

show abstract

Bridging the financial inclusion gender gap in smallholder agriculture in Nigeria: An untapped potential for sustainable development

Cited by 120 publications

References 26 publications

Financial inclusion, mobile banking, informal finance and financial exclusion: micro-level evidence from Morocco

Financial inclusion, mobile banking, informal finance and financial exclusion: micro-level evidence from Morocco

The nexus of remittances, institutional quality, and financial inclusion

Determinants of Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence From Decomposition Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About