Bridging of interrupted A-V conduction in experimental chronic complete heart block by electronic means

Kahn, Melvin; Senderoff, Elliot; Shapiro, Jerome B.; Bleifer, Selvyn B.; Grishman, Arthur

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(60)90458-0

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The concept of atrial synchrony in pacing and its lure as a potentially physiological mode was recognized early. At least three atrial synchronous systems were proposed in 1957, 79 1959, 80 and 1960 81 and used in animal experiments before the first human system, was reported by Nathan et al 82 in 1963, and was manufactured commercially by Cordis Corporation, Warren, NJ, USA. That system was unipolar and wholly implanted by thoracotomy, with a single atrial lead and two ventricular leads (one redundant, i.e., a spare) and powered by mercury zinc cells.…”

Section: Basic Innovations In Cardiac Pacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early History of Cardiac Pacing

Furman

2003

Pacing Clinical Electrophis

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Section: Basic Innovations In Cardiac Pacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early History of Cardiac Pacing

Furman

2003

Pacing Clinical Electrophis

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“…Atrial triggered or P-synchronous pacemakers incorporated portable battery-powered P-wave synchronous pulse generators from 1957 onwards (11,20,34), and from 1963 as implantable synchronous pacemakers (24). An atrial electrode picks up the patient's own atrial activity before subsequent transmission to a ventricular pacing electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Delay of Onset of Second Degree Pacemaker Block by Beta‐Blockade in Patients with P‐Synchronous Pacemakers

Storstein

1981

Journal of Internal Medicine

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ABSTRACT. Second degree pacemaker block is a safety mechanism of the synchronous pacer at atrial rates above 120–130. The aim of the present study was to determine the work level at which pacemaker block occurred before and after β‐blockade. Seven patients (mean age 53 y.) were submitted to graded, submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer without drug and after 0.8 mg pindolol i.v. (6 pats.) or alprenolol orally (1 pat.). Pacemaker block developed at much higher total work after β‐blockade in 3 patients (5800 vs. 1900 kpm, p > 0.0005), while 4 patients had to stop work due to exhaustion before pacemaker block occurred. Total work increased significantly after β‐blockade (p > 0.0005). Lack of a stable i.v. atrial electrode has delayed the extensive use of the synchronous pacemaker. The design of the generator, however, is not optimal as the upper escape rate at which pacemaker block occurs is too low for a number of patients. β‐Blockade effectively delays the occurrence of pacemaker block and can be of therapeutic value. It is suggested that the P‐synchronous pacer should be redesigned with a programmable basic rate (50–70 beats/min) and a programmable upper rate (130–180 beats/min) to ensure that the obvious physiologic advantages of the atrial triggered pacemaker can be maintained both at rest and during physical exercise.

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“…by Folkman and Watkins2 and later by Stephenson et al3-5 and Kahn et al 6 These early investigators successfully produced atrioventricular synchrony for short periods in dogs. Each added changes and refinements to the circuitry permitting closer simulation of the normal parameters of the heart by producing, electronically, a P-R interval and a blocking circuit for the limitation of ventricular rates in supraventricular tachycardia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synchronous Electronic Ventricular Pacing in Complete Heart Block

1967

JAMA

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Bridging of interrupted A-V conduction in experimental chronic complete heart block by electronic means

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

The Early History of Cardiac Pacing

The Early History of Cardiac Pacing

Delay of Onset of Second Degree Pacemaker Block by Beta‐Blockade in Patients with P‐Synchronous Pacemakers

Synchronous Electronic Ventricular Pacing in Complete Heart Block

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