“…MC instruments are commonly distinguished into financial and non-financial (Hertenstein and Platt, 2000;Ylinen and Gullkvist, 2014;Tervala et al, 2017;Henri and Wouters, 2019) or Performance effects of management control qualitative and quantitative instruments (Brown and Gobeli, 1992;Chiesa and Frattini, 2007;Werner and Souder, 1997). For instance, activity-based costing (Barros and da Costa Ferreira, 2019), benchmarking (Cooper et al, 2004c), budgeting (Davila, 2000), target costing (Davila and Wouters, 2004) and life cycle costing (Chenhall and Moers, 2015) represent quantitative instruments (Barros and da Costa Ferreira, 2019), whereas stage-gate processes (Cooper, 1990(Cooper, , 2008 can be classified as non-financial, qualitative instruments. In this paper, we follow the distinction between qualitative and quantitative instruments as it is more comprehensive, i.e.…”