Bridging versus Hydride Shift in Gaseous Cations:  Hydroxy as a Vicinal Substituent J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 8342−8349

Abstract

biochemical and metal separations, to highlight recent advances in the field and discuss their applications to real world problems in biological and metal ion separations. This reviewer recalls the benefit from combining diverse groups in such a manner. A Gordon Conference on Separations in the late 1980s served to introduce him to "centrifugal partition chromatography" (CPC), which earlier had been developed for and used by biotechnologists. Since then, CPC separations have been applied to many metals separations.Aqueous two-phase systems have been used for the partitioning of cellular particles, biological macromolecules, and smaller organic molecules since the pioneering work of Albertsson. The first experiments on partition of cells and cell particles (bacteria, algae, chloroplast fragments, cell walls, and starch grains) in aqueous polymer (polyethylene glycol) phase systems were carried out in 1955 and published in 1956. In the last several years, a new group of international scientists has shown such systems also have remarkable utility for the separation of metal ions. Aqueous biphasic separation systems have high potential for cleaner, cheaper, and safer separations of metal ions as well as for gentle nondenaturing separations of molecules of biological interest.This book draws on the expertise gathered for the symposium and presents the now fairly diverse work united by the use of aqueous biphasic systems. Chapters include material on metal ion separations, mass transfer effects, affinity partitioning, protein partitioning and refolding, and cell partitioning. It offers an excellent introduction to this interesting and still evolving separation technique.Henry Freiser, UniVersity of Arizona