Bridging Comparative and International Law:Amicus CuriaeParticipation as a Vertical Legal Transplant

Abstract

Legal transplants scholarship has thoroughly examined the transnational diffusion of legal institutions. Although Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice acknowledges that international law draws upon domestic legal systems, the exchange of legal institutions between states and international law has yet to receive similar treatment. This article highlights the process of vertical diffusion-that is, the borrowing of legal institutions between the nation-state and international law. Vertical diffusion takes place in two forms: downward and upward diffusion. Scholarship on the internalization and vernacularization of international law has highlighted the process of downward diffusion. This article offers a theory of internationalization of law and the emergence of internationalized legal transplants. It draws on a study of the internationalization of the amicus curiae participation procedure from the United Kingdom to the European Court of Human Rights. Three main conditions must be present for internationalization: the institution's structural transformation that results in a law-making opportunity, norm entrepreneurs, and access to the decision-making body. The study of internationalized legal transplants is important to have a more fine-grained perspective on the making of international law. The evidence of the diffusion of legal institutions between domestic law and international law also creates a bridge between international law and comparative law scholarship.

Amicus Curiae: una institución, mil usos, ninguna definición

“…En segundo lugar, por la potencia política alcanzada por las organizaciones no gubernamentales con el fenómeno de la ONGización de la sociedad (45) . Pero, sobre todo, por su radio de acción internacional, que supone que el fallo de un tribunal que, de alguna manera, haya hecho suyas las razones de un amicus curiae, pueda circular y, potencialmente, influir mucho más allá de los límites de ese ordenamiento, a través de la cross-fertilization entre tribunales (46) .…”

World heritage sustainable development policy & local implementation: Site management issues using a case study of Sri Ksetra at Pyu ancient cities in Myanmar

“…Aspirations, however, for it to serve as an international set of standards should be tempered with the convergent comments of existing relevant literature found in the fields of development studies and WH studies. With respect to development studies, the WHC and the WH Policy offer an international legal framework for conservation and sustainable development, and so exemplify what Anna Dolidze describes as vertical legal transplants wherein legal concepts are transferred downward from international law to individual nation‐states (Dolidze, ). The idea of legal transplants refers to the “moving of a rule or system of law from one country to another” (Watson, , pp.…”

Corporate Crime Conundrums and Globalization

“…In what follows, I analyze the transplant of American anti-corruption law to the Netherlands, guided by four questions relating to the transfer process. These questions are an amalgamation of key questions proposed by various authors (Dezalay & Garth, The Import and Export of Law and Legal Institutions: international strategies in national palace Wars, 2001;Miller, 2003;Dolidze, 2015;Cohn, 2010;Berkowitz, Pistor, & Richard, 2003;Graziadei, 2019) for analyses of transfer processes: was the change real or only a façade? ; was the transfer deliberate or coincidental?…”