Bridge hosts for avian influenza viruses at the wildlife/domestic interface: An eco-epidemiological framework implemented in southern Africa

Caron, Alexandre; Grosbois, Vladimir; Etter, Éric; Gaidet, Nicolas; Garine‐Wichatitsky, Michel De

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.09.014

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…; Caron et al . ). Then targeted epidemiological sampling using species‐specific capture techniques should help testing these hypotheses with proper sample sizes per species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenging the conceptual framework of maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses in wild birds

Caron

Cappelle

Gaidet

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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The conceptual framework considering Anseriformes and Charadriiformes as the main maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV) in wild birds has shaped IAV research and surveillance over the last decades. We challenge this framework by reviewing the world-wide surveillance data on non-Anseriformes and non-Charadriiformes (NANC) species, generally considered as playing little role in IAV maintenance, available in literature and online data bases (close to 200 sources). Globally, we found an IAV infection rate of 1·51% (95% CI, 1·44–1·59%) for c. 101 000 birds tested from NANC species. If Anseriformes have, as expected, a higher infection rate than any other bird orders, eight bird orders have an infection rate higher or close to the Charadriiformes infection rate, challenging the status of Charadriiformes. We interpret the attention paid in favour of Charadriiformes by an extrapolation bias from data collected in hotspots of IAV infection in Charadriiformes (e.g. Delaware Bay, USA). The growing data on IAV in wild birds world-wide, summarised here, support two non-exclusive hypotheses: (i) the quality of the diagnostic tools and techniques used explain the patterns observed; (ii) IAV maintenance is determined by complex multi-host systems composed of multiple bird species, dependent on the ecosystem and its bird diversity and composition. Synthesis and applications. Our results have two main implications. First, new research and surveillance should be designed in order to understand influenza A viruses ecology in wild birds across the world, along with appropriate diagnostic tools and new hypotheses and dedicated protocols. This should be done in line with our new conceptual framework that conveys less a priori than its predecessor. Second, our results call for more bridging between biological and epidemiological sciences in order to tackle disease ecology in multi-host systems. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…; Caron et al . ). Then targeted epidemiological sampling using species‐specific capture techniques should help testing these hypotheses with proper sample sizes per species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenging the conceptual framework of maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses in wild birds

Caron

Cappelle

Gaidet

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…The first conceptual model of risk pathways describing potential synanthropic wildlife species that could potentially transport IAVs from maintenance hosts (Anseriformes and Charadriiformes) onto farms was published in 200613. More recently, researchers have begun to identify methods for prioritizing target bridge host species for IAV surveillance2739. In a comprehensive review of bridge hosts in disease ecology, with a focus on IAVs, bridge hosts were defined as non-maintenance host species capable of transmitting a pathogen from a reservoir population to a target population40.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak

Shriner

Root

Lutman

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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In November 2014, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in Canada. Introduced viruses were soon detected in the United States and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. In an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the Eurasian H5 virus, the United States Department of Agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. As part of those efforts, we sampled synanthropic birds and mammals at five infected and five uninfected poultry farms in northwest Iowa for exposure to avian influenza viruses. Across all farms, we collected 2,627 samples from 648 individual birds and mammals. House mice were the most common mammal species captured while house sparrows, European starlings, rock pigeons, swallows, and American robins were the most commonly captured birds. A single European starling was positive for Eurasian H5 viral RNA and seropositive for antibodies reactive to the Eurasian H5 virus. Two American robins were also seropositive. No mammal species showed evidence of infection. These results indicate synanthropic species merit further scrutiny to better understand potential biosecurity risks. We propose a set of management practices aimed at reducing wildlife incursions.

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“…These results and the ubiquitous and synanthropic nature of wild pigeons highlight their potential role as indicator species for the presence of Newcastle disease virus of low virulence in the environment. The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife.The livestock-wildlife interface, historically underappreciated as a cause of disease emergence, is now recognized as an intersection from which pathogens can be transmitted from agricultural to free-ranging hosts, and vice versa [1][2][3][4]. Some factors responsible for the presence of etiological agents at this interface include ecological changes such as spatial and temporal landuse alterations, pathogen adaptations to new hosts, and the introduction of non-native, permissive species [5][6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Presence of Vaccine-Derived Newcastle Disease Viruses in Wild Birds

et al. 2016

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Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species of wild birds across four continents from 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 species from ten avian orders occupying different habitats excrete vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses. The most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in the order Columbiformes (n = 23), followed in frequency by the order Anseriformes (n = 13). Samples were isolated from both free-ranging (n = 47) and wild birds kept in captivity (n = 7). The number of recovered vaccine-derived viruses corresponded with the most widely utilized vaccines, LaSota (n = 28) and Hitchner B1 (n = 19). Other detected vaccine-derived viruses resembled the PHY-LMV2 and V4 vaccines, with five and two cases, respectively. These results and the ubiquitous and synanthropic nature of wild pigeons highlight their potential role as indicator species for the presence of Newcastle disease virus of low virulence in the environment. The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife.

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Bridge hosts for avian influenza viruses at the wildlife/domestic interface: An eco-epidemiological framework implemented in southern Africa

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Challenging the conceptual framework of maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses in wild birds

Challenging the conceptual framework of maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses in wild birds

Surveillance for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak

Presence of Vaccine-Derived Newcastle Disease Viruses in Wild Birds

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