“…For example, augmentation of dopamine availability in human subjects via administration of its precursor L-DOPA enhances preference for probabilistic over certain rewards with equivalent expected values (Rigoli et al 2016). Administration of selective dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists has a range of effects on risky decision making, depending on both the receptor subtype and behavioral task employed (Di Ciano et al 2015, St Onge and Floresco 2009, Barrus and Winstanley 2016, Rogers 2011, Zalocusky et al 2016, Milienne-Petiot et al 2017, Norbury et al 2013, van Enkhuizen et al 2013) Serotonin and norepinephrine signaling have been less well investigated than dopamine in the context of risky decision making. Systemic manipulation of serotonergic signaling via acute tryptophan depletion (which reduces brain serotonin levels), reuptake inhibitors, or direct agonists/antagonists has been shown to have a variety of effects on performance in risky decision making tasks, depending on the drug, task, and species studied (Adams et al 2017b, Macoveanu et al 2014, Macoveanu et al 2013, Long et al 2009, Zeeb et al 2009) Finally, in the few studies in which it has been assessed, noradrenergic reuptake blockade or direct agonists/antagonists have been shown to shift rats’ preference for certain vs. uncertain rewards (Yang et al 2016, Montes et al 2015)…”