Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Threats Brexit Poses to Animal Protection in the UK, EU and Internationally

McCulloch, Steven

doi:10.3390/ani9030117

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The final category in the table moves to the discussion of how Brexit might impact EU and international animal protection. These categories also mirror those in Table 1 of McCulloch [19] discussing the threats posed by Brexit to animal protection.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Opportunities That Brexit Presents For mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Questions 1–5 of the framework were investigated in McCulloch [18]. Questions 6–8 of the framework, with respect to the threats that Brexit poses to animal protection, were investigated by McCulloch [19]. This paper investigates questions 6–8 of the framework, with respect to the opportunities that Brexit presents for animal protection.…”

Section: Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, sentience policy has been high on the agenda because leaving the EU means the UK will no longer be bound by Article 13 of the Treaty of Lisbon. The latter presents a major threat in the form of the loss of the recognition of animal sentience and the duty of government to pay full regard to animal welfare [19]. It also presents an opportunity for the UK to reform sentience policy, such that it is more effective than Article 13 [26].…”

Section: Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major threats to animal welfare is the import of agri-products to the UK raised in lower welfare conditions in nations such as the United States (US) [19]. The Government had accepted an amendment to the Trade Bill 2017–19, which stipulated that imports must meet standards in existing free trade agreements [30].…”

Section: Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brexit presents both threats and opportunities to animal protection policy. This paper builds on discussion of the legal and political context of Brexit and animal protection [18], and an analysis of threats to animal protection in the UK, EU, and internationally [19]. Section 2 describes a framework to assess the impacts of Brexit on animal protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Opportunities Brexit Presents for Animal Protection in the UK, EU, and Internationally

McCulloch

2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe British people voted in 2016 to leave the European Union (EU). The UK has a unique history as a leader in animal protection policy. It has a relatively large economy and significant political power on a global basis. Brexit presents both threats and opportunities to animal protection in the United Kingdom (UK), EU, and internationally. This paper assesses the opportunities Brexit presents for animal protection in terms of five criteria. These are first, the political situation; second, regulatory changes; third, economic and trade factors; fourth, institutional considerations; and fifth, EU and international impacts. Brexit provides the opportunity to reform UK farming to promote high animal welfare outside of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Brexit means the UK can ban live animal exports and the import and sale of fur products and foie gras outside of the EU. Leaving the EU permits the UK to have stricter requirements for the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) to control puppy smuggling. Brexit provides an opportunity for the UK Government to reform policy-making for sentient animals. New sentience legislation could establish a fully independent UK Animal Welfare Advisory body and mandate Government to use animal welfare impact assessments on all policy that affects sentient species. Despite such opportunities, the UK Government appears uncommitted to major reforms. The drafting of the Agriculture Bill does not suggest a progressive animal welfare agenda. For live exports, the Government will consult on how to improve welfare, rather than outright prohibition. Similarly, rather than ban the import and sale of fur, the Government will use its influence to improve the welfare of fur-farmed animals outside the UK. Brexit provides some opportunities for animal protection. Pre-Brexit, the Government has not demonstrated the political will and commitment to realise these opportunities.AbstractThe British people voted in a 2016 referendum to leave the European Union (EU). Brexit presents threats and opportunities to animal protection in the United Kingdom (UK), the EU, and internationally. This paper discusses opportunities for animal protection in terms of five criteria. These are first, political context; second, regulatory changes; third, economic and trade factors; fourth, institutional- and capacity-related factors; and fifth, EU and international considerations. Brexit permits reform of UK agricultural policy outside of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to reward high welfare as a public good. The Agriculture Bill, however, does not suggest a radical reform agenda for animal welfare. Brexit permits a ban on live exports, but the UK Government is consulting on improving welfare, not prohibition. Brexit provides an opportunity to ban the import and sale of fur, but the UK Government has signalled it will work to improve welfare in fur farming. Brexit permits the UK to prohibit the import and sale of foie gras, but the Government has stated a ban may be challenged at the World Trade Organisation (...

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Section: Assessment Of the Opportunities That Brexit Presents For mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Political Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Opportunities Brexit Presents for Animal Protection in the UK, EU, and Internationally

McCulloch

2019

Animals

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Exploring the Substantive Representation of Non-Humans in UK Parliamentary Business: A Legislative Functions Perspective of Animal Welfare Petitions, 2010–2019

Chaney

Jones

Fevre

2021

Parliamentary Affairs

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This study is concerned with the substantive representation of non-human species in parliamentary business. It applies Leston-Bandeira’s legislative functions perspective (LFP) to a data set of 2500 public petitions on animal welfare, submitted over three terms of the UK parliament. The wider significance of this work lies in: (i) underlining the utility of the LFP to petitions analysis; (ii) showing that, while few directly secure policy change, e-petitions perform valuable legislative functions including campaigning, scrutiny and policy-influencing roles, foremost of which is linkage and fostering citizen engagement in parliamentary business. And (iii) Showing how, over the past decade, public petitions have significantly contributed to the increasing salience of animal welfare in UK politics.

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Happy or healthy? How members of the public prioritise farm animal health and natural behaviours

2021

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The importance given to minimising health issues and promoting natural behaviours is a polarising issue within farm animal welfare. It is predominantly thought that members of the public prioritise animals being able to behave naturally over other aspects of farm animal welfare, such as addressing health issues. However, public perspectives may be more multi-dimensional than is generally thought, with the importance given to these different elements of welfare dependent on the situation and state of the animals in question. To examine this, a factorial survey using vignettes, which experimentally manipulated the different levels of health (high health vs. low health) and natural behaviour provision (high behaviour vs. low behaviour), was completed by a sample (n = 810) representative of the UK population (on age, gender, ethnicity). Contrary to the predominant view, this study found animal health had the greatest effect on participants’ judgements, explaining more of the variance in their assessments of animal welfare than any other factor. However, findings also indicated that participants considered animal welfare to be most positive when both health issues are minimised and natural behaviours are promoted. Attitudes to natural behaviours also varied more between participants, with females, individuals who do not (regularly) eat meat and those with a greater belief in animal mind giving greater priority to natural behaviours. In the context of public and private welfare standards seeking to meet public expectations, this study provides important insights into how public perspectives of animal welfare are more nuanced than previously thought, influenced by the context of the animal, the aspect of welfare in question and personal characteristics.

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Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Threats Brexit Poses to Animal Protection in the UK, EU and Internationally

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Opportunities Brexit Presents for Animal Protection in the UK, EU, and Internationally

Brexit and Animal Welfare Impact Assessment: Analysis of the Opportunities Brexit Presents for Animal Protection in the UK, EU, and Internationally

Exploring the Substantive Representation of Non-Humans in UK Parliamentary Business: A Legislative Functions Perspective of Animal Welfare Petitions, 2010–2019

Happy or healthy? How members of the public prioritise farm animal health and natural behaviours

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