Breve síntesis sobre el recurso bacalao de profundidad Dissostichus eleginoides en Perú

Abstract

Abstract.-The Southeastern Pacific Ocean is characterized by a large diversity of marine living resources with a high demand in world markets. Deep-water species such as the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides are among the most important marine resources in this region. Peru has a Patagonian toothfish fishery dating back 15 years, with relevant international markets for exportation. However, similar that others countries in the region, Peru has poor scientific data for stock assessment of this species. Furthermore, the current monitoring program of this fishery does not provide an adequate control of onboard catches, which might influence even more the real values of landings. It is urgent the development of comprehensive research programs that promote population studies on this resource and the sustainability of its fishery. For instance, this can be reached by integrating international efforts for exploring the ocean's diversity in deep regions and promoting the study and assessment of potential new marine resources. The permanent exploitation of this long-lived and slow-growing marine species without further research and strict fishing control could jeopardize, in the medium and long term, not only its fishery but the availability of this marine resource in Peruvian waters. Key words: Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, fishery, PeruResumen.-El Pacífico Oriental Sur se caracteriza por tener una importante diversidad de recursos marinos de muy alta demanda comercial en el mundo. Especies de aguas profundas como el Bacalao de Profundidad Dissostichus eleginoides están entre los recursos importantes en varios países de esta región. Perú tiene una pesquería para este recurso desde hace más de 15 años con importantes mercados para la exportación; sin embargo, al igual que otros países de la región, aún resulta incompleta la información científica para evaluar el real estado poblacional de esta especie. Asimismo, la actual normativa pesquera no tiene suficiente alcance para controlar y monitorear las capturas y desembarques de esta pesquería de forma eficiente. Urge el fortalecimiento de programas integrales de investigación que impulsen los estudios poblacionales sobre este recurso y la sostenibilidad de su pesquería, contextualizando dicho esfuerzo en el marco de iniciativas internacionales para la exploración tanto de la diversidad en regiones profundas del océano como en la evaluación de recursos potenciales. La explotación pesquera permanente sobre esta especie de lento crecimiento y baja tasa de reprodución, sin un adecuado marco de investigación y control, puede poner en riesgo a mediano y a largo plazo, no sólo la actividad pesquera misma, sino también, la disponibilidad de este recurso en aguas peruanas.

Population genetic structure of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southeast Pacific and Southwest Atlantic Ocean

“… Temperatures, currents, bathymetry of continental margin and deep-sea floor, and the distributional range of D. eleginoides on the South America continental shelf. The geographical distribution of D. eleginoides on the South American continental shelf was obtained from Aramayo (2016) and is shown in transparent gray shading. Dashed lines indicate mean annual sea surface temperatures redrawn from Kaiser, Lamy & Hebbeln (2005) .…”

Gross morphology of the cephalic sensory canal pores in Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898 from southern Chile (Perciformes: Nototheniidae)

“…The results reported in this study show morphological differences between the mandibular pores of juvenile and adult specimens of D. eleginoides. It is possible to assume that these variations are associated to the size of the fish and the eventual change of habitat that they experience as they grow in size; consequently, the juveniles that regularly inhabit a pelagic or semipelagic environment move towards a demersal environment when they are adults (Belchier & Collins, 2008;Collins et al, 2010;Aramayo, 2016). This habitat change allows the early cephalic pore system to develop as the individual grows, reaching its maximum expression in adults, where wide, elongated, and membranous pores are observed in the upper part of the head while they appear elongated and circular in the preoperculum, jaw, and around the eye.…”

“…Other studies indicate that this species can be distributed by size relative to depth, where smaller fish are found in shallower waters (Aramayo, 2016;Céspedes et al, 2016). Variation of the water column's abiotic parameters at different depths suggests that D. eleginoides may exhibit a mechanosensory system that allows them to survive even in low light conditions.…”

“…The Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898 is an abysso-benthic species whose bathymetric distribution fluctuates between 80 and 2500 m in depth (Collins et al, 2010;Cáceres et al, 2016) with broad circumpolar biogeography, spreading to the southeastern Pacific (Arana et al, 1994;Murillo et al, 2008;Collins et al, 2010;Aramayo, 2016), and Occidental and southwestern Atlantic (Miller, 1993;Nelson et al, 2016). Collins et al (2010) suggested that species distribution is conditioned by age, and adult and juvenile populations appear to be separated.…”

“…Collins et al (2010) suggested that species distribution is conditioned by age, and adult and juvenile populations appear to be separated. Aramayo (2016) indicates that this species' ontogenetic cycle stimulates vertical migrations within its habitat during the early stages of growth, its behaviour is mainly pela-_________________ Corresponding editor: Alejandra Volpedo gic, and during adulthood, it becomes a deep-sea fish.…”