Bremsstrahlung suppression due to the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal and dielectric effects in a variety of materials

Anthony, P.L.; Becker‐Szendy, R.; Bosted, P.; Cavalli‐Sforza, M.; Keller, L.; Kelley, L. A.; Klein, S. R.; Niemi, G.; Перл, М.; Rochester, L.S.; White, J. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.56.1373

Cited by 80 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…Other suppression effects have shown to be present at lower photon energies (transition radiation, dielectric suppression-the Ter-Mikaelian effect) [5], but the characteristic photon energy below which these effects appear is very low, around 50 MeV for 300 GeV electrons, and they have essentially no observable influence on the results presented here. One other effect approaches the region of interest in the present experiment, however.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…If for some reason the electron is influenced during this formation, the yield of photons may increase as when electrons traverse crystals [2] or it may be reduced due to destructive interference. The formation length is the basic parameter of the LandauPomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect [3,4], which predicts a reduction of photon yield due to multiple scattering in the formation zone.A beautiful series of detailed experiments was performed at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) to examine the LPM effect by use of electrons of 8 and 25 GeV [5]. However, only the lower 500 MeV of the photon spectrum was recorded, and, thus, no conclusion could be drawn with respect to a possible variation of the radiation length X 0 based on the experimental data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A beautiful series of detailed experiments was performed at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) to examine the LPM effect by use of electrons of 8 and 25 GeV [5]. However, only the lower 500 MeV of the photon spectrum was recorded, and, thus, no conclusion could be drawn with respect to a possible variation of the radiation length X 0 based on the experimental data.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Is the Electron Radiation Length Constant at High Energies?

et al. 2003

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Experimental results for the radiative energy loss of 149, 207, and 287 GeV electrons in a thin Ir target are presented. From the data we conclude that at high energies the radiation length increases in accordance with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) theory and thus electrons become more penetrating the higher the energy. The increase of the radiation length as a result of the LPM effect has a significant impact on the behavior of high-energy electromagnetic showers. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.014801 PACS numbers: 41.60.-m, 07.85.Fv, 29.40.Vj, 95.30.Gv In the early 1950s, Ter-Mikaelian postulated the existence of the so-called formation length [1] for the emission of radiation. This is, loosely speaking, the length it takes to separate the photon from the electron by one wavelength such that the photon can be considered ''formed.'' If for some reason the electron is influenced during this formation, the yield of photons may increase as when electrons traverse crystals [2] or it may be reduced due to destructive interference. The formation length is the basic parameter of the LandauPomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect [3,4], which predicts a reduction of photon yield due to multiple scattering in the formation zone.A beautiful series of detailed experiments was performed at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) to examine the LPM effect by use of electrons of 8 and 25 GeV [5]. However, only the lower 500 MeV of the photon spectrum was recorded, and, thus, no conclusion could be drawn with respect to a possible variation of the radiation length X 0 based on the experimental data.The present investigation gives experimental evidence for the energy dependence of X 0 . The yield of bremsstrahlung photons is compared to theoretical calculations over essentially the complete energy range.The LPM effect -besides being interesting in itself as a basic QED process -is relevant in several connections. In the first place, it may have a significant impact on the behavior of air showers in the neighborhood of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min cutoff of high-energy photons [6,7]. Second, the LPM effect in QED processes may have a parallel in suppression of gluons in QCD processes [8,9]. Finally, an electromagnetic shower initiated by an electron may develop over a characteristic length that is increased substantially compared to the nominal X 0 as well as having a different composition. As an example, in lead-tungstate crystals, the shower develops corresponding to a radiation length that is longer than the nominal X 0 by as much as 2.5%, 10%, or 26% for energies 0.2, 1, or 4 TeV, respectively.Since the SLAC experiments, the theory of the LPM effect has evolved substantially: several groups have calculated LPM suppression using different approaches, among these Baier and Katkov [10], Blankenbecler and Drell [11], Zakharov [12] and Shul'ga and Fomin [13].

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Is the Electron Radiation Length Constant at High Energies?

et al. 2003

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“…The experimental confirmation of the LPM effect at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) [144,145] has motivated new analyses of its consequences in cosmic ray physics [146][147][148][149][150]. The most evident signatures of the LPM effect on shower development are a shift in the position of the shower maximum X max and larger fluctuations in the shower development.…”

Section: A the Electromagnetic Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

High energy physics in the atmosphere: phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers

et al. 2004

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The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 10 6 GeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review we summarize the phenomenology of these giant air showers. We describe the hadronic interaction models used to extrapolate results from collider data to ultra high energies, and discuss the prospects for insights into forward physics at the LHC. We also describe the main electromagnetic processes that govern the longitudinal shower evolution, as well as the lateral spread of particles. Armed with these two principal shower ingredients and motivation from the underlying physics, we provide an overview of some of the different methods proposed to distinguish primary species. The properties of neutrino interactions and the potential of forthcoming experiments to isolate deeply penetrating showers from baryonic cascades are also discussed. We finally venture into a terra incognita endowed with TeV-scale gravity and explore anomalous neutrino-induced showers.

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“…Typically two months per year were set aside from the main program. Test beams [6]) were used parasitically for smaller experiments (E-146, [7]) and for detector development, in particular GLAST [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test beams and polarized fixed target beams at the NLC

Keller

Pitthan

Rokni³

et al. 2001

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.A conceptual program to use NLC beams for test beams and fixed target physics is described. Primary undisrupted polarized beams would be the most simple to use, but for NLC, the disrupted beams are of good enough quality that they could also be used, after collimation of the low energy tails, for test beams and fixed target physics. Pertinent issues are: what is the compelling physics, what are the requirements on beams and running time, and what is the impact on colliding beam physics running. A list of physics topics is given; one topic (M011er Scattering) is treated in more depth.

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Bremsstrahlung suppression due to the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal and dielectric effects in a variety of materials

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Is the Electron Radiation Length Constant at High Energies?

Is the Electron Radiation Length Constant at High Energies?

High energy physics in the atmosphere: phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers

Test beams and polarized fixed target beams at the NLC

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