Bregs in Chronic HBV: Is It Time for Bragging Rights?

Alatrakchi, Nadia

doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3584-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, HBV-specific CD8 T cell responses were rescued after IL-10 neutralization. Increased Bregs are found in CHB patients with spontaneous flare, reflected by increased viral load and liver inflammation, suggesting that Bregs are accountable for HBV flare by suppressing HBV-specific CD8 T cells and restricting viral control [ 57 ]. Moreover, Bregs associate with advanced histological fibrosis stage and enhances HBV replication.…”

Section: Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Against Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression

Khanam

Chua

Kottilil

2021

IJMS

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More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune system resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune pathologies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients.

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Section: Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Against Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression

Khanam

Chua

Kottilil

2021

IJMS

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“…In HBV-infected patients, Bregs are considered to promote viral replication and liver fibrosis. They could also be responsible for HBV flares by suppressing CD8 cells[ 36 ]. The antibody production function of B cells is critical for the management of HBV infection; these cells can produce antibodies against different viral proteins, including but not limited to HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBeAg.…”

Section: Host Immune Response To Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult hepatitis B — the result of the host immune response interaction with different genomic expressions of the virus

Gherlan¹

2022

WJCC

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With over 40 years of history, occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) continues to remain an important and challenging public health problem. Defined as the presence of replication-competent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA ( i.e. , episomal HBV covalently closed circular DNA) in the liver and/or HBV DNA in the blood of people who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in currently available assays, OBI is currently diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, all efforts should be made to exclude a false negative HBsAg in order to completely follow the definition of OBI. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the HBV lifecycle and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the persistence of the virus in the occult form. These factors are mainly related to the host immune system and, to a smaller proportion, to the virus. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are important in HBV infection management, and epigenetic changes driven by host mechanisms (acetylation, methylation, and microRNA implication) are added to such actions. Although greater genetic variability in the S gene of HBV isolated from OBIs was found compared with overt infection, the mechanisms of OBI are not mainly viral mutations.

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The Multiple Facets and Disorders of B Cell Functions in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Ablikim

Zeng

et al. 2023

JCM

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a global public health burden. B cells play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance and can participate in the development of anti-HBV adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms, such as antibody production, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. However, B cell phenotypic and functional disorders are frequently observed during chronic HBV infection, suggesting the necessity of targeting the disordered anti-HBV B cell responses to design and test new immune therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the multiple roles of B cells in mediating HBV clearance and pathogenesis as well as the latest developments in understanding the immune dysfunction of B cells in chronic HBV infection. Additionally, we discuss novel immune therapeutic strategies that aim to enhance anti-HBV B cell responses for curing chronic HBV infection.

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Bregs in Chronic HBV: Is It Time for Bragging Rights?

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression

Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression

Occult hepatitis B — the result of the host immune response interaction with different genomic expressions of the virus

The Multiple Facets and Disorders of B Cell Functions in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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