Breeds of pigs.

Buchanan, D. S.; Stalder, K. J.

doi:10.1079/9781845937560.0445

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Breed registries are used to develop and maintain certain conformational, performance and coat color characteristics for a specified population, along with cataloging the pedigree of every animal that is approved for registry within that breed. Purebred Yorkshire pigs, distinguished by their white coat color and erect ears, along with their reputation for superior maternal performance ( Buchanan and Stalder, 2011 ), are registered in the National Swine Registry (NSR). Test matings are traditionally carried out to determine if a Yorkshire boar will only sire white progeny and thus can be safely assumed homozygous for the dominant white allele of the KIT gene ( Marklund et al, 1998 , Giuffra et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genome-wide and locus-specific breed composition in pigs1

Funkhouser

Bates

Ernst

et al. 2017

Translational Animal Science

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Advances in pig genomic technologies enable implementation of new methods to estimate breed composition, allowing innovative and efficient ways to evaluate and ensure breed and line background. Existing methods to test for homozygosity at key loci involve test mating the animal in question and observing phenotypic patterns among offspring, requiring extensive resources. In this study, whole-genome pig DNA microarray data from over 8,000 SNP was used to profile the composition of U.S. registered purebred pigs using a refined linear regression method that enhances the interpretation of coefficients. In a simulation analysis, a strong correlation between true and estimated breed composition was observed (R2 = 0.94). Applying these methods to 930 Yorkshire animals registered with the National Swine Registry, 95% were estimated to have a “genome-wide” Yorkshire breed composition of at least 0.825 or 82.5%, with similar performance for evaluating datasets of registered Duroc (n = 88) Landrace (n = 129), and Hampshire (n = 17) breeds. We also developed new methods to evaluate locus-based breed probabilities. Such methods have been applied to multi-locus SNP genotypes flanking the KIT gene known to predominantly control coat color, thereby inferring the probability that an animal has haplotypes in the KIT region that are predominant in white breeds. These methods have been adopted by the National Swine Registry as a means to identify purebred Yorkshire animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genome-wide and locus-specific breed composition in pigs1

Funkhouser

Bates

Ernst

et al. 2017

Translational Animal Science

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“…The variety of modern pig breeds available today ( Buchanan and Stalder, 2011 ), are a product of human intervention since domestication, but especially during the last century ( Figure 1A ). Besides breeds specialized for food production, smaller sized breeds (miniature- and micro-pigs) with certain characteristics such as obedience, friendly nature, and cognitive ability have also been selected for the purpose of companion animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the porcine species in biomedical research

et al. 2015

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Since domestication, pigs have been used extensively in agriculture and kept as companion animals. More recently they have been used in biomedical research, given they share many physiological and anatomical similarities with humans. Recent technological advances in assisted reproduction, somatic cell cloning, stem cell culture, genome editing, and transgenesis now enable the creation of unique porcine models of human diseases. Here, we highlight the potential applications and advantages of using pigs, particularly minipigs, as indispensable large animal models in fundamental and clinical research, including the development of therapeutics for inherited and chronic disorders, and cancers.

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“…As such, many breeds and lines are characterized by peculiar performances related to many traits, like muscle mass, carcass lean meat and fat contents, growth rate and feed efficiency, and reproduction parameters, as well as other traits (Buchanan and Stalder, 2011;Čandek-Potokar and Škrlep, 2012), which are main objectives of pig breeding programs and the basis for crossbreeding (Sellier, 1976). These traits can be considered end phenotypes or external traits as they are the final results of complex biological interactions and processes, which are by definition, empirically explained following the quantitative genetic theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics evidences plasma and serum biomarkers differentiating two heavy pig breeds

Bovo

Mazzoni

Galimberti

et al. 2016

Animal

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In pigs, many production traits are known to vary among breeds or lines. These traits can be considered end phenotypes or external traits as they are the final results of complex biological interactions and processes whose fine biological mechanisms are still largely unknown. This study was designed to compare plasma and serum metabolomic profiles between animals of two heavy pig breeds (12 Italian Large White and 12 Italian Duroc), testing indirectly the hypothesis that different genetic backgrounds might be the determining factors of differences observed on the level of metabolites in the analyzed biofluids between breeds. We used a targeted metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometric detection of about 180 metabolites and applied a statistical validation pipeline to identify differences in the metabolomic profiles of the two heavy pig breeds. Blood samples were collected after jugulation at the slaughterhouse and prepared for metabolomics analysis that was carried out using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit, covering five different biochemical classes: glycerophospholipids, amino acids, biogenic amines, hexoses and acylcarnitines. A statistical pipeline that included the selection of the most relevant metabolites differentiating the two breeds by sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) was coupled with a stability test and significance test determined with leave one out and permutation procedures. sPLS-DA plots clearly separated the pigs of the two investigated breeds. A few metabolites (a total of five metabolites considering the two biofluids) involved in key metabolic pathways largely contributed to these differences between breeds. In particular, a higher level of the sphingomyelins SM (OH) C14:1 (both in plasma and serum), SM (OH) C16:1 (in serum) and SM C16:0 (in serum) were observed in Italian Duroc than in Italian Large White pigs and the inverse was for the biogenic amine kynurenine (in plasma). The level of another biogenic amine (acetylornithine) was higher in Italian Large White than in Italian Duroc pigs in both analysed biofluids. These results provided biomarkers that could be important to understand the biological differences between these two heavy pig breeds. In particular, according to the functional role played by sphingomyelins in obesity-induced inflammatory responses, it could be possible to speculate that a higher level of sphingomyelins in Italian Duroc might be related to the higher interrmuscular fat deposition of this breed compared with the Italian Large White. Additional studies will be needed to evaluate the relevance of these biomarkers for practical applications in pig breeding and nutrition.Keywords: pig breeding, metabolites, molecular phenotypes, metabolic pathway, production traits ImplicationsThis study showed that different pig breeds are characterized by different metabolomics profiles. The statistical approach that was adopted identified a few biomarkers whose level in plasma and serum described the differences between two heavy pig breeds. T...

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Breeds of pigs.

Abstract: This chapter discusses the domestication and the development, identification, description and molecular biology of pig breeds.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of genome-wide and locus-specific breed composition in pigs1

Estimation of genome-wide and locus-specific breed composition in pigs1

Efficacy of the porcine species in biomedical research

Metabolomics evidences plasma and serum biomarkers differentiating two heavy pig breeds

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