Breeding Tall Fescue

Sleper, D. A.

doi:10.1002/9781118061008.ch8

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Two doses of the gene/locus responsible for diploidlike pairing had to be present for diploid-like behavior in MI. In a single dose, such as in a haploid F. arundinacea (2n = 3x = 21), up to 4.5 bivalents per cell and some trivalents are formed from homoeologous chromosomes (Sleper, 1985). This also indicated that the chromosomes of the three component genomes of F. arundinacea display sufficient homology to pair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Chromosome pairing of individual genomes in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), its progenitors, and hybrids with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Kopecký

Bartoš

Zwierzykowski

et al. 2009

Cytogenet Genome Res

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A diploid-like pairing system prevents meiotic irregularities and improves the efficiency of gamete production in allopolyploid species. While the nature of the system is known in some polyploid crops including wheat, little is known about the control of chromosome pairing in polyploid fescues (Festuca spp.). In this work we studied chromosome pairing in allohexaploid F. arundinacea, its progenitors F. pratensis and F. glaucescens, and two intergeneric hybrids Lolium multiflorum (2x) ×F. arundinacea (6x) and L. multiflorum (4x) ×F. glaucescens(4x). The use of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) permitted the analysis of homoeologous chromosome pairing and recombination of different genomes involved. We detected a diploid-like pairing system in polyploid fescues F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens, the latter being one of the progenitors of F. arundinacea. The pairing control system was absent in the second progenitor F. pratensis. Detailed analysis of intergeneric hybrids confirmed the presumed haploinsufficiency of the fescue system, which resulted in homoeologous pairing between all component genomes. This indicates that introgression of any specific chromosome segment from one genome to another is possible in all genome combinations. Our results not only contribute to the quest to discover the nature of the system controlling chromosome pairing in polyploid fescues, but may also have serious implications for design of hybrid breeding schemes in forage grasses.

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confidence: 76%

Chromosome pairing of individual genomes in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), its progenitors, and hybrids with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Kopecký

Bartoš

Zwierzykowski

et al. 2009

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…S.J. Darbyshire) is considered to be the most important cool-season and perennial grass around the world (Sleper 1985). Its widespread occurrence is mainly due to its tolerance to poor soils, temperature extremes, drought, and varying management practices (Salminen et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Neotyphodium endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite

2010

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Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the positive effects of Neotyphodium endophye-tall fescue symbiosis on plant resistance to different stresses. However, its effects on the uptake of potassium (K) and transformation of K-bearing minerals are not yet known. The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of such symbiosis on the transformation of clay-sized micaceous minerals. Tall fescue genotype 75B, both infected and non-infected with natural Neotyphodium endophyte, was cultivated in a mixture of quartz sand and phlogopite or muscovite. Pots were irrigated with distilled water and complete or K-free nutrient solutions for a period of 140 days. K concentrations in shoot and root were determined using a flame photometer and the clay-sized particles in each pot were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer. Results revealed vermiculitization of phlogopite under both nutrient solutions. In addition to vermiculite, smectite was detected as a newly formed mineral in phlogopiteamended pots. In contrast, a very weak rate of vermiculitization was observed in muscovite-treated media. The rate of phlogopite transformation was significantly higher under the endophyte-infected plants, particularly when the K-free nutrient solution had been applied. Also, the significant decrease in pH value in the rhizosphere of infected plants confirmed the positive effect of endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineral transformation.

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“…), an allohexaploid 2n ¼ 6x ¼ 42 ð Þ with the genomic constitution of PPG1G1G2G2 (Sleper and West 1996), is a perennial cool season grass that is widely grown throughout the temperate regions of the world (Sleper 1985). Natural populations are scattered from North Africa to Northern Europe, in regions varying from semi-arid to very wet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation, heritability and correlations of agro-morphological traits in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

2009

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To study the genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlations of some agro-morphological traits in tall fescue, 25 parents from a genetically broadbase germplasm were polycrossed and their respective half-sib families were generated. Clonally propagated parents and their half-sib families were grown as spaced single plants using a randomized completeblock design with three replications, and observed for seven traits in 2006 and 2007. The estimates of broad-sense heritability h 2 n À Á were moderate to high h 2 b ¼ 0:43 À 0:80 À Á for the traits studied. Narrowsense heritability h 2 n À Á estimates from analyses of progenies and from regression of half-sib (HS) progenies on parents h 2 op suggested that genetic variation for these traits was largely controlled by additive gene action. Association of dry matter yield (DMY) with plant height, number of fertile shoot, curbs width and spring growth was positive and significant. With the exception of number of days to pollination, correlation coefficients of the traits between the parents and offspring were not significant. Based on parentoffspring regression, genetic gain from selection for DMY was high, demonstrating genetic potential for improving this trait. Overall, there was high genetic variation and moderate heritability for most traits in the tall fescue populations evaluated. In conclusion, to improve herbage yield, selection would be more effective based on forage yield components.

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Breeding Tall Fescue

Cited by 58 publications

References 75 publications

Chromosome pairing of individual genomes in tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea </i>Schreb.), its progenitors, and hybrids with Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum </i>Lam.)

Chromosome pairing of individual genomes in tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea </i>Schreb.), its progenitors, and hybrids with Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum </i>Lam.)

Effect of Neotyphodium endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite

Genetic variation, heritability and correlations of agro-morphological traits in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

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