Breeding System of Ruellia succulenta Small (Acanthaceae)

Geiger, John; Pratt, Paul D.; Koptur, Suzanne

doi:10.2179/09-030.1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Flowering plants have a variety of mechanisms to prevent or reduce self-pollination, such as heteromorphy [26], dicliny, and dioecy, as well as self-incompatibility systems [27]. Many species with perfect flowers receive self-pollen either via cleistogamy, automatic selfing, or recurring visits from certain animals; they may also have floral mechanisms such as delayed self-pollination as the corolla falls off [28] or the flower shrivels [29], providing fertilization in self-compatible species. Echites umbellatus flowers that were unmanipulated (not hand pollinated) set no fruit, indicating that this species relies on pollinators to reproduce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Incompatibility in Devil’s Potato (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Apocynaceae) May Explain Why Few Flowers Set Fruit

Koptur,

Primoli,

Valdes

et al. 2024

Biology

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Pollinators are needed for the reproduction of Echites umbellatus, and only sphingid moths have mouthparts long enough to reach the nectar at the bottom of the species’ long, twisted floral tube. Though plants produce many flowers over a period of several months, one observes very few fruits in nature. We asked: (1) Are plants self-compatible, or do they need pollen from another individual to set fruit and seed? (2) Are cross-pollinations between unrelated individuals more successful than crosses with relatives? (3) How does the relatedness of pollen and ovule parent plants affect fruit set, seed number, and seed quality? We investigated the breeding system of E. umbellatus by collecting fruits from seven sites, growing plants and performing hand pollinations over a period of several years, collecting and measuring fruits and counting seeds. Echites umbellatus is self-incompatible, though some individuals produce fruit by self-pollination. Cross-pollinations between unrelated individuals set the most fruit (59%), and those that were self-pollinated set the least (9%). Fruit set from cross-pollinations between related individuals was intermediate (32%). Although the number of seeds per fruit did not differ significantly among pollination treatments, fruits from self-pollinations had substantially fewer viable seeds than outcrossed fruits, with fruits from sibling crosses being intermediate. There were higher levels of self-compatibility in the fragment populations compared with plants from intact habitats. Self-incompatibility may explain why fruit set is low in this plant species; future investigation into the breakdown of self-incompatibility in smaller populations is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Incompatibility in Devil’s Potato (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Apocynaceae) May Explain Why Few Flowers Set Fruit

Koptur,

Primoli,

Valdes

et al. 2024

Biology

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The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plants

Goodwillie

Weber

2018

American J of Botany

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In a series of seminal papers, David G. Lloyd (1979;Lloyd and Schoen, 1992) provided new insight into plant mating-system evolution by recognizing that the selective consequences of selfand cross-pollination and fertilization depend on the specifics of how and when they occur. In phenotypic models, Lloyd showed that the conditions that select for self-fertilization (selfing) facilitated by pollinators differ from those for selfing that occurs autonomously. Further, the selective consequences of autonomous selfing were shown to depend on its timing in anthesis in relation to cross-fertilization (outcrossing). The theory predicts that selfing that occurs after opportunities for outcrossing have passed (delayed selfing) should be selected under the broadest range of conditions.In general, selection of selfing is expected to be opposed by inbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of selfed progeny that results primarily from the expression of deleterious recessive alleles Charlesworth, 1987, Charlesworth andWillis, 2009). Counteracting the cost of inbreeding depression is the 50% genetic transmission advantage of selfing, which occurs because INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plantsCarol Goodwillie 1,3 and Jennifer J. Weber PREMISE OF STUDY:In a seminal body of theory, Lloyd showed that the fitness consequences of selfing will depend on its timing in anthesis. Selfing that occurs after opportunities for outcrossing or pollen dispersal can provide reproductive assurance when pollinators are limited and is expected to incur little cost, even when inbreeding depression is high. As a result, delayed selfing is often interpreted as a "best-of-both-worlds" mating system that combines the advantages of selfing and outcrossing. METHODS:We surveyed 65 empirical studies of delayed selfing, recording floral mechanisms and examining information on inbreeding depression, autofertility, and other parameters to test the support for delayed selfing as a best-of-both-worlds strategy.KEY RESULTS: Phylogenetic distribution of the diverse floral mechanisms suggests that some basic floral structures may predispose plant taxa to evolve delayed selfing. Delayed selfing appears to serve as a best-of-both-worlds strategy in some but not all species. While the capacity for autonomous selfing is often high, it is lower, in some cases, than in related species with earlier modes of selfing. In other delayed-selfers, low inbreeding depression and reduced investment in corollas and pollen suggest limited benefits from outcrossing.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a growing literature on the subject, experimental evidence for delayed selfing is limited and major gaps in knowledge remain, particularly with respect to the stability of delayed selfing and the conditions that may favor transitions between delayed and earlier selfing. Finally, we suggest a potential role of delayed selfing in facilitating transitions from self-incompatibility to selfing.

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Dead land walking: the value of continued conservation efforts in South Florida’s imperiled pine rocklands

Jones

Koptur

2017

Biodivers Conserv

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Breeding System of Ruellia succulenta Small (Acanthaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Self-Incompatibility in Devil’s Potato (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Apocynaceae) May Explain Why Few Flowers Set Fruit

Self-Incompatibility in Devil’s Potato (Echites umbellatus Jacq., Apocynaceae) May Explain Why Few Flowers Set Fruit

The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plants

Dead land walking: the value of continued conservation efforts in South Florida’s imperiled pine rocklands

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